Nina (NinaWavs2U) edited by Wisdom Quarterly; Modern Marvels (History.com)
The Statue of Liberty, enlightening the world, is a hollow colossus composed of thinly pounded copper sheets over a steel framework. It was designed in Paris by the French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi in collaboration with the French engineer Gustave Eiffel, who made the frame. |
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It was intended as a gift from France to the USA for the centenary of American independence in 1876. Its design and construction were recognized at the time as one of the greatest technical achievements of the 19th century and, when finally dedicated a decade later, it was hailed as a bridge between art and engineering.
No one sees the slave chains at her ankles, which the artist was almost not allowed to include, which almost no one knows about except for the dogged investigations of Dr. Joy DeGruy.
It is topped by a pedestal designed by American architect Richard Morris Hunt, and it is situated on Stanton Island at the entrance of New York Harbor to welcome the world coming in via the Atlantic route. Indeed, the statue has since welcomed millions of immigrants who arrive by sea.
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| Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome |
Modern Marvels: Give me your huddled masses!
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| Kwan Yin/Virg Yin Mary (turnbacktogod.com) |
Construction began in 1875 and was completed in 1884. Crews worked a round the clock seven days a week for nine years to finish installation. When the statue was ready in Paris in 1885, it was disassembled into 350 pieces, shipped to New York City, and reassembled. It took four months just to put it back together again.
Various parts of the statue were on display throughout Paris as each was completed. Miss Liberty's head was exhibited in the gardens at the Tracadéro, and her torch was on display as well. On July 4, 1884, the completed statue was presented to the American minister in an impressive ceremony.
Various parts of the statue were on display throughout Paris as each was completed. Miss Liberty's head was exhibited in the gardens at the Tracadéro, and her torch was on display as well. On July 4, 1884, the completed statue was presented to the American minister in an impressive ceremony.
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| The historical Buddha in Theravada Buddhist Thailand (Baddoguy/flickr.com) |
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| Syncretism: Samantabhadra, Buddha, Kwan Yin, Brahma, Mt. Emei, China, h20002h/flickr) |
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| The Buddha, Wat Phnom Ek Battambang, Cambodia (Captain Kimo/flickr) |
The statue had remained open for visitors in Paris until near the end of 1884. Late in the year, it was dismantled for its own trip across the Atlantic like so many who followed after. In May 1885, its parts were loaded on a French warship, which arrived in New York Harbor in June of that year. (A small-scale replica was dedicated in Paris on July 5, 1889. Americans residing in France assisted the French in its dedication.
The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886 when Pres. Grover Cleveland formally accepted the French gift. He pronounced: "We will not forget that Liberty has here made her home; nor shall her chosen altar be neglected."
The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886 when Pres. Grover Cleveland formally accepted the French gift. He pronounced: "We will not forget that Liberty has here made her home; nor shall her chosen altar be neglected."
This is the 1883 sonnet by poet Emma Lazarus that is inscribed on a bronze plaque on the statue's pedestal, mounted there in 1903.
"The New Colossus"
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| Let freedom ring throughout the land! |
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Measurements and statistics
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Measurements and statistics
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| The Buddha-to-come Maitreya's golden feet unbound: biggest Buddha in world, India, where the Buddha Gautama passed into final nirvana (unexplained-mysteries.com) |
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| Round up slaves to build the Republic! |
Height from base to torch: 151'1″
Ground to tip of torch: 305'1″
Heel to top of head: 111'1″
Length of hand: 16'5″
Index finger: 8'0″
Head from chin to cranium: 17'3″
Head thickness from ear to ear: 10'0″
Distance across the eye: 2'6″
Length of nose: 4'6″
Length of right arm: 42'0″
Thickness of right arm: 12'0″
Thickness of waist: 35'0″
Width of mouth: 3'0″
Length of tablet: 23'7″
Width of tablet: 13'7″
Thickness of tablet: 2'0″
Height of pedestal: 154'0″
The weight of copper in the statue is 62,000 pounds (31 tons) and the weight of steel is 250,000 pounds (125 tons).
Total weight of the statue's concrete foundation is 54 million pounds (27,000 tons).
The copper sheeting is 3/32 of an inch (2.37 mm) thick.
Wind sway: winds of 50 miles per hour cause the statue to sway 3 inches (7.62 cm), and the torch sways 5 inches (12.70 cm).
Ground to tip of torch: 305'1″
Heel to top of head: 111'1″
Length of hand: 16'5″
Index finger: 8'0″
Head from chin to cranium: 17'3″
Head thickness from ear to ear: 10'0″
Distance across the eye: 2'6″
Length of nose: 4'6″
Length of right arm: 42'0″
Thickness of right arm: 12'0″
Thickness of waist: 35'0″
Width of mouth: 3'0″
Length of tablet: 23'7″
Width of tablet: 13'7″
Thickness of tablet: 2'0″
Height of pedestal: 154'0″
The weight of copper in the statue is 62,000 pounds (31 tons) and the weight of steel is 250,000 pounds (125 tons).
Total weight of the statue's concrete foundation is 54 million pounds (27,000 tons).
The copper sheeting is 3/32 of an inch (2.37 mm) thick.
Wind sway: winds of 50 miles per hour cause the statue to sway 3 inches (7.62 cm), and the torch sways 5 inches (12.70 cm).
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