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| The Vedas are wrong? Karma has no effects? |
It is an example of the atheistic schools in the ancient Indian philosophies [a][3][b][5][c].
Charvaka holds that only direct perception (seeing with my own eyes, experiencing with my own senses), empiricism (provable, objective scientific method), and conditional inference (logical deduction and argument) are proper sources of knowledge; it embraces philosophical skepticism and rejects all ritualism [4][6][7][8][9].
In other words, the Charvaka epistemology (the study of how we know or decide that things are true) states that whenever one infers a truth from a set of observations or truths, one must acknowledge doubt; inferred knowledge is conditional [10]. It was a well-attested belief system in ancient India [d].
Brihaspati, a [heretical] philosopher, is traditionally referred to as the founder of the Charvaka or Lokāyata philosophy, although some scholars dispute this [11, 12].
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| On Lokayata | Indic Civilizational Portal |
Charvaka developed during the Hindu reformation period in the first millennium BCE [13] and is considered a philosophical predecessor to subsequent or contemporaneous heterodox philosophies such as Ajñāna, Ājīvika, Jainism, and Buddhism [14].
Its teachings have been compiled from historic secondary literature such as those found in the shastras, sutras, and Indian epic poetry [15].
Charvaka is categorized as one of the nāstika or "heterodox" schools of Indian philosophy [16, 17]. More
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