Black Holes and Pluto are alive (video)

Arvin Ash, 12/22; Secrets of U, 4/22; Sheldon S., Ashley Wells (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

Black holes are even weirder than thought

(Arvin Ash) SUMMARY: Karl Schwarzschild crafted the first exact solution to Einstein's equations of general relativity. He found that as gravity increased around an object, there must be a point where even light could not escape.

Genius Einstein had regard for Buddhism?

He theorized black holes. Stars are in a balance between gravity trying to collapse it inward, and energy of fusion in its core which pushes outward. But when large stars run out of fuel, gravity causes it to collapse.

If the star is massive enough, this results in a supernova. A black hole remains in the center of the debris, if the collapsed core has a mass of 2 to 3 times the mass of our sun.

• Theory of the Universe revealed | Coast to Coast

Mark Florentino has an ether theory that works

In a black hole, general relativity says all its mass is collapsed into an infinitesimally small volume, called a singularity. A singularity has all its mass in zero volume of space, thus it has infinite density.

But infinities usually mean errors in math, so singularities may not be real. The singularity is enclosed by a boundary, the event horizon, within which the curvature of spacetime is so strong that light cannot escape. #blackhole #eventhorizon

CHAPTERS

• 0:00 Karl Schwarzschild theorizes black holes
• 1:58 Inspiration for this video
• 3:16 How black holes form
• 5:28 What is the event horizon? 7:25
• How time flows near and inside a black hole
• 9:57 How can black holes be so bright if no light escapes?
• 11:34 How do we detect black holes if we can't see them?
• 12:29 Can life form on a planet orbiting a black hole?
• 14:59 How long do black holes last?

Einstein Questions, Buddha Answers (Supawan Green)

The radius of this sphere is called the Schwarzschild radius. Since no light can escape from the event horizon, anything inside, including the singularity, can’t be directly seen. Anything that crosses into this horizon is swallowed forever [or no time at all, or for two Tuesdays, or we have no objective idea].

For this reason, black holes are considered the of edge of space, a one-way exit from our universe.

The size of a black hole is defined by its event horizon and is very small. If the sun were a black hole, it would be a sphere 6 km or 4 miles wide, and earth would be the size of a ping pong ball.

As you get closer to the event horizon, the flow of time slows, compared to flow of time from a point far away from it.

From the perspective of an observer far from the black hole, time stops completely at the event horizon. General relativity still works inside it but not at the singularity.

According to relativity, time and space trade places inside the black hole. Relativity predicts that time gets destroyed at the singularity. So a black hole is like the "reverse of creation."

Whatever is inside the event horizon is causally disconnected from us. It remains forever in the future. Whatever is inside hasn't happened yet from our perspective.

Since no light can escape, we can only “see” black holes indirectly because of the way their gravity affects stars and pulls matter into orbit.

As gas flows around some black holes, it heats up, paradoxically making them some of the brightest things in the universe.

But most black holes don’t have accretion discs, so they are not easily seen. Other methods have to be used to find them.

The supermassive black hole near the center of our Milky way galaxy called Saggitarious A* was found because of the tight orbits of stars we COULD see orbiting it.

Black holes are [now thought] rather common. Scientists estimate that a new black hole is formed in our universe every second [because this is a multiverse after all].

There are an estimated 100 million black holes [or zero] floating around in the Milky Way. So for every 1,000 stars we can see in the sky, there is a black hole among them that we can’t see.

The gravitational gradient around a black hole is so steep that it allows for MILLIONS of potential orbiting planets around them, whereas a regular stars can only support a fraction of that.

The maximum theoretical number of Earth-like planets that could exist around our Sun in the habitable zone is six. Replace our Sun with a black hole a million times its mass but about the same size and 550 Earth-size planets could orbit in the same region without bumping into each other.

A black hole’s gravity is so dominant, it negates how planets disrupt each other, and that allows for far more stable orbits to exist.

It is possible that a planet around a black hole could support life. Black holes last much longer than our sun, 10^84 years vs 10^10 years. They are going to be around for a long time, after the all the stars have died out, and the universe goes dark [again in this cyclical process as explained in Buddhist cosmology].

REFERENCES

• The Tempest by Peter Cawdron
• Inside Black Holes: What would we see...
• How Black Holes form: Why Do Some Stars...
• How stable orbits form around black holes

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Einstein Questions, Buddha Answers

• This thought-provoking book (Einstein Questions, Buddha Answers) uses Einstein’s interest in wanting to find the absolute ruling point in nature and his quest for the theory of everything as the basis to connect with the Buddha’s wisdom regarding the existence of the ultimate, which he called "Nirvana." The author's prime duty is to help understand that this ultimate, absolute, unconditioned element has everything to do with each of us, intimately and significantly.
• This is reflected in the contents of the book: finding our true "self" [in an impersonal universe], the state of a normal mind, the final frontier, and so on.
• It also reveals the nature of the ultimate truth by connecting it with neutral terms such as "here and now," "truth and reality," and "the innocent perception."
• No one, no idea, no concept, no theory, no solution can be called "perfect"; things can only be as perfect as they can be in relation to time and space.
• Even the absolute truth is within the realm of constant movement [impermanence]. So even a fully enlightened person is not perfect; the perfection of an arhat (a fully enlightened/liberated person) is strictly in the relative sense.
• We merely learn how to live in harmony with change if we know the ultimate truth.

Stunning PLUTO images show something unusual going on there 

(The Secrets of the Universe) Pluto is an icy world that was once considered the ninth planet of the solar system. It's so far away that ground-based telescopes can hardly reveal any surface images of the dwarf planet.

Hence, Pluto remained a mystery for several decades after its discovery.

• [NOTE: Never mind the terrible CGI that conceals real images.]

In 2006, NASA launched the New Horizons probe to study Pluto, which was still considered the ninth planet.

New Horizons reached Pluto after more than nine years and became the first spacecraft to fly by the far-flung world.

It [allegedly] sent back stunning images of the dwarf planet that revealed striking details of its surface.

Although New Horizons has now crossed the mark of 50 AU ("astronomical units") from Earth, data from the space probe is still being analyzed after six years of the Pluto flyby. And now research has shown that Pluto is not as calm as it seems. It is covered with ice volcanoes and the icy body might harbor liquid-water ocean underneath its surface.

In the fifth episode of the Sunday Discoveries Series, let's learn about the discovery of ice volcanoes on Pluto in detail.

REFERENCES

• Research Paper: go.nature.com/3LcdNih
• New Horizons Mission: go.nasa.gov/37GQNcS
• Cryovolcanoes: bit.ly/3Lceb0d
• Enceladus: go.nasa.gov/3Lb8ZKb
• Ocean Worlds: bit.ly/3OB1puz
• Created by Rishabh Nakra
• Written by Simran Buttar
• Narrated by Jeffrey Smith

All episodes of the series: bit.ly/369kG4p. Basics of Astrophysics series: bit.ly/3xII54M. The Secrets of the Universe on the internet: Website: bit.ly/sou_website. Facebook: bit.ly/sou_fb, Instagram: bit.ly/sou_ig, Twitter: bit.ly/sou_twitter.