The giants of Tartarian army erased

(Tartaria History)

Scythian-Saka-Siberian Buddhist monuments

Dhr. Seven, Amber Larson, Pat Macpherson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly Wiki edit

Stupas (Buddhist burial mounds) are ancient Central Asian-Ukrainian kurgans (Trizna 1899 )

Bezeklik: White Sogdian merchants giving to the Buddha (Buddhism in Central Asia/Wiki)

The Monks of the Mines of ancient Afghanistan, Gandhara, Kapilavastu, Central Asia (NatGeo)

The Indo-Sakas are Scythians.

The monuments of these cultures coincide with Scythian-Saka-Siberian [Shakya Land or ancient Buddhist Kapilavastu] monuments. Scythian, Indo-Saka, and Siberian monuments have common features and sometimes common genetic roots [10].

Also associated with these spectacular burial mounds (Buddhist stupas or tepes) are the Pazyryk, an ancient people who lived in the Altai Mountains lying in Siberian Russia on the Ukok Plateau, near the borders with China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia [11].

The Buddha of Gandhara/Afghanistan (Indo-Saka)

The archeological site on the Ukok Plateau associated with the Pazyryk culture is included in the Golden Mountains of Altai UNESCO World Heritage Site [12].

Scythian-Saka-Siberian classification includes monuments from the 8th to the 3rd century BC. This period is called the Early or Ancient Nomads epoch.

"Hunnic" monuments date from the 3rd century BC to the 6th century AD, and Turkic ones from the 6th century AD to the 13th century AD, leading up to the Mongolian epoch. More

• What is a Buddhist stupa or pagoda? It is a burial mound covering a sacred reliquary marking out nobles (Aryan = "Enlightened" beings) or chakravartin rulers or other important figures. Originally, they had statues on top of those buried beneath the kurgan, tumulus, barrow, or cairn, a pile of stones forming the burial mound, as was tradition throughout Central Asia, up into Ukraine, North Asia, West Asia, and many Caucasian lands.
• Kyrgyzstan | Silk Roads Program (unesco.org)
• Buddhism in Central Asia (Wik
• Sogdia (Sogdiana) Empire

The Glory of Buddhist Gandhara

Qasim Ali Moini (Dawn.com)

Gandhara was a cosmopolitan confluence of cultures, East and West (Dawn.com/file).

KARACHI, Pakistan — Ancient Gandhara was a cosmopolitan confluence of cultures where East met West and where, thanks to the network of monasteries, reliquaries (stupas), and temples as well as state patronage, Buddhism experienced a golden age, exemplified by the relics of Gandharan art that survive to this day.

This Buddha is an example of Gandhara art; manuscripts at UC Berkeley.

This view was expressed by Mahmood-ul-Hasan Shah, assistant director in the federal government’s directorate-general of archaeology and museums, while delivering a virtual presentation on Gandhara at the Goethe-Institut here on Monday.

The presentation was based on an exhibition titled "Gandhara – The Buddhist heritage of Pakistan: legends, monasteries, and paradise." The exhibition was on display for 10 months in the German cities of Bonn and Berlin. Mr. Shah represented Pakistan during the exhibition in Germany. He initially gave a historical background of the area known in antiquity as Gandhara, consisting of parts of modern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan.

Buddhism was patronised by the area’s Kushan rulers – who had originally come from Central Asia – and experienced its golden age from the first to the fifth century AD, when it was "dealt a death blow," as Mr. Shah put it, by the White Huns, who practiced Hinduism [or early Vedic religion].

He described the people of Gandhara as "totally cosmopolitan," adding that the art that emerged from the area was influenced by indigenous cultures as well as Greco-Roman culture. More>>

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