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| Don't look at me. Johnny's the F'n psycho! |
Only a mental-health professional can diagnose a personality disorder, typically in adulthood, so let's not get ahead of ourselves with self-diagnoses, judgments, or accusations.
Insider compared the behaviors, traits, and causes of the 10 personality disorders in the DSM-5.
Nearly one out of ten Americans have a personality disorder, like narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, or avoidant personality disorder, according to psychologists and psychiatrists.
According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, there are 10 personality disorders that primarily affect a person's sense of self, identity, and relationships (not just celebrities and reality show walking-disasters).
A person may develop a personality disorder as a coping mechanism for extreme or excessive abuse, abandonment, ridicule, neglect, or other childhood trauma, Anthony Smith, a licensed mental-health counselor with 17 years of experience diagnosing mental-health conditions in the Massachusetts court system, told Insider.
Genes can also play a role.
For example, someone with borderline personality disorder may have experienced significant abandonment as a child, like if their parent went to prison for life or consistently failed to provide emotional support. As a result, one internalizes the belief that everyone will leave them and, when triggered, act based on that overriding fear, Smith previously told Insider.
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| You're gonna believe him?! That's F'n sexist!! |
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| He said I what?? That was the dog!! He's little, but he eats a lot! He's an F'n liar, that's why!!! |
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People in Cluster A tend to exhibit semipsychotic and anxiety-driven behaviors, while those in Cluster B may struggle more with anxiety and mood disorders (like bipolar), impulse-control conditions, eating disorders, and substance abuse, according to Smith. Those in Cluster C are also prone to anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.Only licensed mental-health professionals can actually diagnose someone with a personality disorder. Experts may start to notice traits and behaviors that could signal a personality disorder when a person is in his or her teens, but most people aren't diagnosed until adulthood.
Since personality disorders tend to stem from early-in-life relational trauma, people who are diagnosed with one may also be diagnosed with another or exhibit overlapping traits, Smith said.
Researchers are still studying the causes of personality disorders and don't have definitive answers.
Causes could include
- consistent neglect,
- abuse, or
- ridicule from a caretaker,
- being raised by someone who lacks boundaries and accountability or is overindulgent, or
- being raised by someone who doesn't prioritize relationships.
Here are the potential behaviors, traits, and causes of the 10 personality disorders the DSM-5 recognizes.
- Read the original article on Insider
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