Journey of the Soul: Concepts of Hell/Heaven in Hinduism, Christianity, Islam (isrgrajan.com) |
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- Alan Watts every Sunday morning at 8:00 am or in the archives online at KPFK.org Buddhist Radio continues on Thursdays at midnight into the morning.
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Great Bharat (Maha-Bharata) is a great ancient civilization that is part of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro surrounding Gandhara.
Could anyone call Roy Tuckman "healthy"? |
They existed kalpas ("aeons, epochs, ages") ago; however, the Sanskrit word kalpa (Pali kappa) is a variable term.
It can mean an ordinary lifespan for that period, geologic time, cosmic time, lasting from 120 years (like today) or millions and millions of years, or even periods so staggering as to boggle the mind that attempts to contemplate them.
There is the great kalpa, a day in the life of Brahma (the Supreme), a night of Brahma, a chaotic period before things reform again for another cycle. There is the indeterminate kalpa which may last even longer. One might imagine Big Bangs and Big Contractions, long periods of evolution, long periods of devolutions, and even interstitial periods of chaos before things impersonally organize themselves again.
The Buddha talked about previous buddhas from kalpas ago. How long ago was that? It seems that some of them were within history and, of course, most of them were prehistorical. Alongside buddhas teachings, there seem to have been Brahmin priests with their Vedas or "Books of Knowledge" handed down by the devas (shining celestial space beings who came to earth to help humankind), which we might think of as "angels" or "gods" or "demigods."
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