The Ramayana (Sanskrit रामायणम्, Romanized Rāmāyaṇam [3]), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (Sanskrit epic) from ancient proto-India (Bharata), one of the two important epics of modern Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahabharata [4], the story of "Great Bharata." The epic narrates the life of the god Rama, the seventh avatar of the [extraterrestrial] Hindu deity Vishnu, who is a prince of Ayodhya in the Kingdom of Kosala. The epic follows his 14-year exile
to the forest urged by his father King Dasharatha, on the request of Rama's stepmother Kaikeyi;
his travels across the forests on the Indian subcontinent with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana;
the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana, the king of [Sri] Lanka, which resulted in a bloodbath; and
Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya along with Sita to be crowned as a king amidst jubilation and celebration. More
The Ramayana is an ancient epic poem of the Vedic period that remains famous in modern India and Southeast Asia.
The story is about King Rama who must save his kidnapped wife from the demon (Asura) King Ravana of [Sri] Lanka.
Aided by an army of monkeys, Rama reaches the end of subcontinent land and wants to cross over the strait to the island of Lanka.
Among his army a monkey-hybrid named Nala then leads the construction of a causeway across the ocean to Lanka, collecting logs of wood and giant boulders the monkeys cast into the water to build this bridge.
The actual land bridge connecting India and Sri Lanka as identified from air/space.
King Rama and the monkey chiefs on the bridge to Lanka (britishmuseum.org)
Space aliens battle in the ancient epic poem The Ramayana (education.asianart.org)
"Rama's Journey," opaque watercolor and gold on paper (circa 1650) from Himachal Pradesh, India. School: Pahari. Display Dimensions: 17 1/8 in. x 13 7/32 in. (43.5 cm x 33.6 cm) Credit: Edwin Binney 3rd Collection Accession. Collection: The San Diego Museum of Art (sdmart.org).
Palatial space craft
This brilliantly composed painting celebrates the joyful reunion of Rama and Sita and their return home to mainland India after an exile of 14 years. The gold celestial chariot able to move with the speed of mind was summoned to Rama's presence. The reunited royal couple sits in the highest chamber. To the right of the painting, the grateful men and women of the city of Lanka come out to bid farewell, their eyes alight with adoration. Wondrous sea creatures wear expressions of delight, and the victorious monkeys and bears [yakkhas, yetis] rejoice as they cross the land bridge from the island of Lanka.
The Ramayana (Sanskrit रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem that narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the "demon king" Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it forms the Sanskrit Itihasa.
The Mahābhārata is the longest known epic poem and has been described as "the longest poem ever written." Its longest version consists of over 100,000 couplets (śloka) or over 200,000 individual verse lines, and
long prose passages. ...
At about 1.8 million words in all, the Mahābhārata is roughly ten times the length of the Ancient Greek Iliad and Odyssey combined, or about four times the length of the Rāmāyaṇa.
The Ramayana ("Rama's vehicle")
"Land bridge" between the countries is artificial, now submerged, but visible from above.
Towards the end of the epic Ramayana,Rama has rescued Sita from Ravana's clutches in [Sri] Lanka, a large island off the tip of India (Great Bharat).
A bridge has been built [the foundation of which can still be seen from the sky] from Lanka across the water back to the Indian mainland.
This "Adam's Bridge" (rāmasetu) to let Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana return home to Ayodhya (northern India, near the Himalayan foothills).
Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana
In the painting the residents of Lanka bid goodbye to the monkeys and bears, who helped in the battle to rescue Sita. The vimana, an airborne palace, is filled with these curious beasts. Rama and Sita look out from the top floor.
Rama and Lakshman confer with the leaders of the animal army. This set of Ramayana illustrations are among the earliest and most impressive narrative paintings from the Panjab Hills.
Strongly based in the imperial Mughal style the quality of execution and finish as well as the lavish use of gold being obvious hallmarks of the manuscript, the paintings also exhibit a wit and charm in the depiction of the animals and water creatures.
Ravana made his Lanka a city of gold. Still, the residents are grateful to be delivered from their "demon king." Rama has placed the kingdom in the hands of Ravana's good younger brother, and it is time to leave.
Ancient engineering: aerial view of Rama's bridge.
The army of bears [or possibly "bear-men," yetis, yakkhas] marches back across the bridge they built to reach Lanka. The monkeys would rather play in the water. And Rama has found an appropriate vehicle to cross: the pushpaka vimana.
This fabulous flying chariot, which is as big as a city, belonged to Kubera, the deity (deva) of wealth. It was stolen by Ravana. Now Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana ride it home, along with every monkey and bear who can clamber on.
The residents of Lanka and the creatures of the deep marvel at the vision of a golden city in the sky as it lights up the heavens.
This set of Ramayana illustrations is among the most impressive narrative paintings from the Panjab Hills. Source Yetis/Yakshis are not Bears
Yakkhas("ogres") are not bears but another kind of human, and Kubera is their leader.
Yeti's a Bear, Say Scientists, But What Kind? (seeker.com, March
16, 2015) In legend, Yeti is a huge and furry human-resembling
creature also referred to as the "Abominable Snowman," but in science,
Yeti is just a bear.
Forbidden Archeology: (AE) Could ancient technology beneath the Arabian Sea force us to rewrite human history?
Let's visit Dwarka, an "Atlantis" discovered under the sea in the East. In the first 54 hours, over 28,000 viewers across seven continents began to uncover answers to questions surrounding this ancient mystery.
These truths force us to reconsider everything we think we know about historic civilizations, ancient technologies, and what's in store.
(DD) 1,750,000-year-old "Adam's Bridge" (Rama Setu) connects India to Sri Lanka and is still used.
There is so much to learn about Earth.
This is a journey to look at strange ancient artifacts that regularly wash up on the shores of modern-day Dwarka, in southwest India and what they could mean.
Astronomical expert Dr. Narahari Achar's presents irrefutable evidence that Dwarka, at 32,000 years before the present, far older than 11,000-year-old Göbekli Tepe, is one of the oldest civilizations in human history.
Did Dwarka and the more recent Indus Valley Civilization possess futuristic flying machines (known in Sanskrit as vimanas or "boundless flying machines") and nuclear weapons thousands of years before the rest of the world? This evidence is compelling and now impossible to ignore.
Why did the modern Indian government abruptly force the original Dwarka excavation team to halt all further exploration of its ruins on the Arabian sea bed? More Irregularities prove our MOON was engineered? Ivan Petricevic (ancient-code.com) via Jireh (ancientexplorers.com)
Dr. Robert Jastrow, the first president ofNASA’s Commission of Lunar Explorationcalled the moon “the Rosetta Stone of the planets.” ...Earth’s moon is actually a terraformed and engineered piece of hardware that has a three mile thick outer layer of dust and rocks. Beneath this layer it is believed that the moon has a solid shell of around 20 miles made of highly resistant materials such as titanium, uranium 236, mica, neptunium 237, definitely elements one would not expect to find “inside” the moon. There are many UFOlogists around the world [like John Lear in the US] who speculate that the moon is actually a giant base where extraterrestrials survey humankind’s progress...More
(IndianHiddenNews) The Mahabharata (India's myth and history)
Diwali is one of the biggest festivals on the Hindu calendar. There are multiple reasons
why modern Hindus celebrate this festival.
The most popular narrative, based on the ancient Sanskrit epic called the Ramayana. In it Lord Rama, his wife Sita,
and his brother Lakshmana return to their kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating Ravana
the demon king.
On that dark new moon night, the residents of
Ayodhya joyfully lit oil lamps to welcome Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana back
to the kingdom.
Defying Traditions
Widows of Vrindavan celebrate Diwali at their ashram on October 31, 2013 in Mathura, India. These aged widows have been abandoned by their families or have fled their inhospitable homes to make Vrindavan their home or their last destination.
To kindle happiness in their twilight years, Sulabh International founder Bindeshwar Pathak has come up with the idea of organizing the festival of lights for these widows, locally known as matas.
Following in that tradition, Hindus celebrate Diwali by lighting oil lamps, detonating firecrackers, cleaning and decorating their homes, distributing sweet delicacies, and gathering with friends and family.More
(Cinema Nirvana) "Sita Sings the Blues" is a story by American artist Nina Paley based on the ancient Sanskrit epic the Ramayana, which was handed down from ancient India through the Vedas ("Knowledge Books") inherited from the older Indus Valley Civilization.
Sita is a goddess separated from her beloved husband Lord Rama. Nina is an animator whose husband moves to India then dumps her by email.
Three hilarious shadow puppets narrate both ancient tragedy and modern comedy in this lushly animated interpretation of the classic Sanskrit story.
It is set to the 1920's jazz vocals of torch singer Annette Hanshaw and lives up to its tagline, the "Greatest Break Up Story Ever Told."
The two women, having troubles with their men although separated by centuries, find their stories coming together. A female cartoonist moves from the US when her husband gets a job in India.
While acclimating to her new life, the cartoonist becomes fascinated with an ancient folktale: A beautiful woman who was created spontaneously from the Earth is adopted by King Janaka, pledged in marriage to a brave warrior named Rama, and kidnapped by the demonic leader, Ravana.
Sita's story gets two visual interpretations at once -- a visually striking abstract version and another employing a whimsical cartoon utilizing vintage jazz recordings for Sita's voice.
As the film jumps back and forth between two Ramayana adaptations, the cartoonist discovers that her sojourn in India has taken a turn for the worse when her husband falls in love with another woman. "Sita Sings the Blues" was an official entry at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. It stars: Aseem Chhabra, Bhavana Nagulapally, Manish Acharya, Annette Hanshaw, Debargo Sanyal, Sanjiv Jhaveri.
"Rama's Journey" Wisdom Quarterly Wikipedia edit of entry Ramayana The Ramayana (रामायण) is an ancient Sanskrit epic ascribed to the sage (rishi, seer) Valmiki. It forms an important part of the modern Hindu canon, considered to be a historical event (itihāsa).
It is one of the two great epics of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The other is the Mahabharata. It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like father, servant, brother, wife, and king.
The name is said to be a tatpurusha compound of Rāma- (the hero in the story) and -ayana ("going, advancing") or perhaps -yana ("vehicle, transport").
It consists of 24,000 verses forming seven books (kāṇḍas) and 500 sargas. The classic Indian work recounts the story of Rama (an avatar of Vishnu, the preserver in the triumvirate conception of God). His wife Sita is abducted by the demon king of [Sri] Lanka named Ravana.
Thematically, it explores human values and the concept of dharma. More
Mythologist decodes the [ethical dilemmas] of family business
Devdutt Pattanaik (India Times, The Economic Times) The oldest Greek stories, the Iliad and Odyssey, deal with the triumph of the heroic leader who breaks all the rules. The oldest Biblical narratives, Genesis and Exodus, deal with the value of compliance to the rules of the institution. In contrast, the oldest Indian epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, revolve around family dramas.
The Ramayana tells the story of Ram of Ayodhya and his antagonist, Ravana, king of [Sri] Lanka. The Mahabharata tells the story of Krishna and his warring cousins, the Pandavas and the Kauravas of Hastinapur. Another epic, the Bhagavata, often considered a prequel to the Mahabharata, tells the story of Krishna's early life in Gokul.
Together these three epics deal with every possible family-related issue from inter-generational conflict to succession planning to talent management to sibling rivalry.
It is filled with thoughts and ideas that are considered timeless, hence of value even to modern family businesses as they go through dharma-sankat, or "ethical dilemmas" in the new world order where the demands of institutional business tower over traditional family assumptions.
What is Family? What is a family? Families in Ramayana and Mahabharata, significantly, are not defined by blood. Ram and Laxman are half-brothers, with a common father but different mothers. Of the five Pandava brothers, three have a common mother, and none have a common father. Krishna is raised by foster parents, and even his brother Balabhadra is actually his half-brother.
What defines a family then is not blood or law or custom, but trust. In a family governed by trust, there are no rules; only love defines actions, as in the Bhagavata. In a family with no trust, rules have no role; only power defines actions, as in the Mahabharata.
In between, stands the Ramayana, where there is love but also rules. How critical are rules to bind a family together? More>>
Akasa (or akasha in Sanskrit) means "space." It literally refers to the sky or open space rather than the modern conception of "outer space." However, the sky keeps going into the celestial worlds (deva-lokas).
It is tempting to imagine that devas (literally, "shining ones") simply refers to ephemeral spirits or highly evolved, fine-material entities, to deities. However, in a concrete sense they are beings who live above earth, in vimanas (space vehicles, sometimes called "platforms" or "mansions").
The lower ones could easily make contact, and they have for tens of thousands of years, as recorded in Indian classics like the Vedas and Ramayana.
The following is a modern exploration regarding the topic of "reverse engineering." This suggests that governments of the earth, past and present, have held alien (or extraterrestrial) technology. By taking it apart it is possible to discern how it was put together and to mimic it. Reputedly, just as one example, this is how we got fiber optic technology.
All technological revolutions giving an advantage to one culture over another seems to be based on some sudden revelation. This being the case, governments have learned not to question the source of new technology preferring to judge it instead on its scientific feasibility.
With that, if viewers will temporarily suspend disbelief, it is possible to enjoy this History Channel special with an open mind that does not presume to understand the mysterious world of which we only comprise a small part.
UFOs in Lanka: Are extraterrestrials the cause of violence and unrest in Sri Lanka? The island of Sri Lanka has been a favorite haunt of aliens, extraterrestrials, brahmas, devas, angels, sky dwellers, demons (rudras), however one wishes to describe them. Lankan chronicles, traditions, folklore, prehistoric cave drawings, archaeological evidence, and ancient travelers' records testify to the strange beings living on the island from time immemorial.
Sri Lanka: Gateway to Other Worlds? Scientists re-examine legends of Serendip Long before modern scientists ever dreamed of the existence of gateways between parallel universes, the ancient world already regarded Lanka or Serendip as being the Antipodes, a topsy-turvy wonderland inhabited by nagas, yakkhas, and various other-worldly spirits. Oral tradition still being transmitted in Sri Lanka tells of hidden gateways situated islandwide through which yogis and siddhas, including the Buddha and his assembly of arhats, could travel to distant places or even to other worlds in the blink of an eye, reputedly through sheer determination alone.
Ravana & Sita: Road to Ramayana When Ravana abducted Sita, it led to war. Geologically, two hundred million years ago, there was a land connection from Sri Lanka to India, Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica. That large land mass was known as Gondwana. Sri Lanka separated into a discrete land mass known as Lanka Dvipa (the Island of Lanka) with part of its land submerged by the sea. According to the Ramayana epic, this took place because of the misdeeds of Ravana. But this seismic occurrence is confirmed by modern science.
"Shining in every direction, their machine (yantra) could travel wherever the imagination dictated. From their great height they saw stimulating dances, drama plays, and pristine dance ceremonies. The machine gained renown among royal dynasties and various nations. In such a manner the High-Souled ones flew, while the lower classes walked. All those friends succeeded in their much-deserved acquisition of a yantra, by means of which human beings can fly in the air, and non-earthling, Celestial Beings, can come down to mortals in their visits to Earth" (RCL).
Roswell officer's amazing deathbed admission raises possibility that aliens DID visit Nick Popel (updated 6/30/07)
Exactly 60 years ago, a light aircraft was flying over the Cascade Mountains in Washington State, at a height of around 10,000ft. Suddenly, a brilliant flash of light illuminated the aircraft. Visibility was good and as pilot Kenneth Arnold scanned the sky to find the source of the light, he saw a group of nine shiny metallic objects flying in formation.
He estimated their speed as being around 1,600 miles per hour -- nearly three times faster than the top speed of any jet aircraft at the time. He described the craft as arrow-shaped and said they moved in a jerky motion -- "like a saucer would if you skipped it across the water." A reporter seized on this phrase and in his story described the objects as "flying saucers." The age of the Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) had begun. More>>
Drawing of small, delta-winged, Solar-Mercury powered "vimana" reportedly based on a medieval original.
VIMANAS IN SANKRIT TEXTS Descriptions of Ancient Aircraft (site)
The following quotations from classical Sanskrit literature are chosen specifically to illustrate the visual appearance, nature and capabilities generally ascribed to the ancient fabulous vehicles known as vimanas (pronounced "vi-mans") in the ancient writings of India. The Sanskrit term "vimana" is usually translated "airborne chariot," "aerial car," or "celestial car" (or sometimes simply "car") by the Hindu translators.*
Having spoken thus, Maharaja Nirga made a complete circle around Lord Krishna and touched his crown to the Lord's feet. Granted permission to depart, King Nirga then boarded a wonderful celestial car as all the people looked on (Bhagavata Purana).
While Dhruva Maharaja was passing through space, he saw, in succession, all the planets of the solar system, and on the path he saw all the demigods [devas] in their vimanas showering flowers upon him like rain (Bhagavata Purana).
He traveled in that way through the various planets, as the air passes freely in every direction. Coursing through the air in that grand and splendid vimana, which could fly at will, he surpassed even the Devas (Bhagavata Purana).
Then the highly intelligent Asura Maya built the cities...There were many palaces with gems. Aerial cars shining like the sun, set with Padmaraga stones, moving in all directions and looking like moonbeams, illuminated the cities (Siva Purana).
When morning dawned, Rama, taking the Celestial Car Puspaka had sent to him by Vivpishand, stood ready to depart. Self-propelled was that car. It was large and finely painted. It had two stories and many chambers with windows, and was draped with flags and banners. It gave forth a melodious sound as it coursed along its airy way (Ramayana).
The Puspaka Car, that resembles the sun and belongs to my brother, was brought by the powerful Ravan; that aerial and excellent car, going everywhere at will, is ready for thee. That car, resembling a bright cloud in the sky, is in the city of Lanka (Ramayana).
Beholding the car coming by force of will Rama attained to an excess of astonishment. And the king got in, and the excellent car, at the command of Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere. And in that car, coursing at will, Rama greatly delighted (Ramayana).
When the Deity as were being slaughtered they again took to their vimana and, employing the Danava science, flew up into the sky...I (Arjuna) assaulted their vimana...Wounded by the flight of deadly-accurate iron missiles, the Asura vimana fell broken to the earth...Matali swiftly descended earthward, as in a steep dive, on our divinely effulgent car (Mahabharata).
Karna took up that fierce weapon, which resembled the tongue of the Destroyer or the Sister of Death. That terrible and effulgent dart, Naikartana, was hurled at the Rakshasa. Beholding that excellent and blazing weapon...the Rakshasa began to fly away in fear...Destroying that blazing illusion of Ghatotkacha and piercing right through his breast, that resplendent dart soared aloft in the night...Ghatotkacha, then uttering diverse roars, fell, deprived of life by the dart of Sakra [Sakka, King of the Devas] (Mahabharata). More>>
The title of the sutra [discourse], Lankavatara ("entering, or attaining to, Lanka), seems to have something to do with the basic way of thinking and practice in Mahayana Buddhism, though the Gunabhadra version of the ancient text apparently does not offer much help in this regard.
The title seems to have derived from the legendary story passed down among the Theravada practitioners of the island (modern Sri Lanka), which is recorded in the Dipavamsa ("Royal Lineage of the Island Lanka"), a history they compiled.
.
The Buddha's [alleged] visits
According to the first two chapters of the story, Gautama Buddha [a.k.a., Shakyamuni] came to the island three times:
(1) nine months after attaining enlightenment ("awakening")
(2) five years after and
(3) eight years after.
(1) When the Buddha saw all the world with his fivefold eyes, he saw the island, where yaksas (spiritual apparitions, literally "something quick") and raksasas (when yaksas get angry they are said to be "flesh-eating goblins" or raksasas, literally, "anything to be guarded against") were abiding and afflicting people, groaning loudly and sucking human blood. The Buddha was afraid some strange teachings might flourish in that situation to worry people further. Using supernatural power, he came from India and expelled the terrible yaksas and furious raksasas by having them shift their dwelling place to a lonely island named Giri far out in the ocean. He then returned to Urvela in the state of Magadha, India (Chp. I).
The real Adam's Peak, Island of Sri Lanka, where the Buddha landed and left a footprint
(2) After he left, in the island's highland mountains, land-snakes and marine-snakes struggled for sovereignty over the island, both being nagas [reptilians, dragons, supernatural serpents] with supernatural power, violent and cruel, arrogant and drunk with power, though different in size. The situation worsened to the extent that wherever they went, everything became contaminated and burned out. The Buddha, far away in India, felt he could not leave things as they were. Again he came to Lanka, which he had emptied of yaksas. He put both parties of snakes under control, reconciled them, and returned to the Jeta Forest (Chp. II).
(3) Three years later, the king of the Lanka snakes, Maniakkhika, invited the Buddha together with five hundred disciples to the island in return for the Buddha's work as peacemaker. The party came flying from the Jeta Forest. The Buddha went to Mahamegha Forest and predicted that in the future the very Bodhi Tree beside which he had attained buddhahood would be planted at the site in Lanka where bodhi trees had grown for previous buddhas (Chp. II).
There is no doubt that such stories were made on the basis of other more historical stories, also recorded in the Dipavamsa, that the transmission of the Buddha's teaching [the Dharma] to the island had begun during the reign of King Devampiyatissa (B.C. 241-207). In response to the gift of treasures from the Lankan King Tissa, King Asoka sent messengers from India with a gift and a message that he had taken refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.
King Asoka's son, Mahinda, who was an elder monk (mahathera), came (Chp. XI), and King Tissa of the island had a temple complex -- the famous Mahavihara -- built in the suburbs of his capital, Anuradhapura, as the center for practice and study for monks under Mahinda's guidance (Chps. XIII, XIV).
Ven. Mahinda had a messenger sent to King Asoka, and had him bring back a portion of the Buddha's relics. Then a dome (stupa, pagoda) erected for them (Chp. XV). Mahinda's sister, Ven. Sanghamitta, also came to Lanka. She brought a branch of the Bodhi Tree and had it planted in the woods of Mahamegha, near the Mahavihara (Chp. XVI). Mahinda died in B.C. 199 (Chp. XVQ), and Sanghamitta passed the following year (Mahavamsa, Chp. XX).
Indian Epic
The legendary stories of the Buddha's three visits to the island, however, seem to derive from one of the famous epics of India, the Ramayana.
Rama, the hero, came to attack raksasas on the island. He killed Ravana, their chief, and returned home to India with his beloved wife Sita, who had been abducted and forcibly taken to the island.
The Buddha was a hero equivalent to Rama, an avatar of Vishnu. But unlike Rama, the Buddha killed no one. He expelled "evil" spirits who had been devastating Lanka.
The role of peacemaker played by the Buddha for the two snake groups also seems to be rooted in the Ramayana. There, two groups of monkeys followed Rama and helped him in his attack on the Lanka demons, because Rama had worked as peacemaker for them during conflicts on the Indian subcontinent.
"Entering Lanka"
Thus, we know that the Theravada document, the Dipavamsa, invented the story of the Buddha entering Lanka on the basis of history and legends. But we need to consider what was meant by the Mahayanists' use of the title "Entering Lanka" (Lanka-vatara) for their famous scripture.
The Lankavatara Sutra, in the Gunabhadra version, begins with the description of the spot where the Buddha, the Sangha, and the bodhisattvas met, and how one bodhisattva named Mahamati from among other "bodhisattvas of mahamati" (see note) stood up and asked the Buddha for a teaching.
"On one occasion the Buddha stayed for a while in the town of Lanka on a mountain top, on the coast of the southern sea..."
Now the Bodhisattva Mahamati, who together with [other] "bodhisattvas of mahamati" (i.e., of great wisdom), with an attendant in every "Buddhaland," through the Buddha's influence stood up from his seat... Read more - NOTE: The word "mahamati," used here both as a common noun and a proper noun, reveals a close connection between the Lankavatara Sutra and the Dipavamsa. In the latter, the word was used only as a common noun, to show a deep respect when excellent mendicants were referred to...
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