Showing posts with label preta. Show all posts
Showing posts with label preta. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 24, 2025

Ghost Month continues: Shadow Realm


Get outta my way! Hungry ghosts are after me!
"Ghost Month" (the Seventh Month of the Chinese Lunisolar Calendar, corresponding to Sept. 6 to Oct. 6, 2025) is the time of the Ghost Festival (Yulanpen). It is observed among the Chinese diaspora population of the world, particularly in Chinatowns, Malaysia, Singapore, and anywhere Mahayana Buddhism dominates. Hungry ghosts or petas (Sanskrit pretas) are miserable being who have been reborn deprived due to unskillful karma (deeds).
Guanyin feeding (Stephen Asma)
If hungry ghosts, 
demons, and malignant spirits are living beings, and Buddhists cherish all sentient beings, how do we exorcise them when they create obstacles in our lives? Why did Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) convert angry subhuman beings into "protectors of the Dharma" (Dharmapalas)? Why did the great Tibetan sage Milarepa have long conversations with ghosts and demons? How do can humans protect against curses and black magic? What are Buddhisms Protective Verses (Parittas), and how do we chant them? These questions are answered in this “Buddhist Guide to Exorcism: A Spirit Handler’s Guide” and demonstrate some of the methods. More: Buddha Weekly

The Hungry Ghost Realm: A Buddhist Teaching of Hope in Addiction

Maha Moggallāna (Ven. Mulian)
(Mythos & Logos) Complete Archives: Mythos & Logos. The Realm of Hungry Ghosts (peta-loka) is a plane of existence in Buddhist cosmology, an unfortunate destination, an afterlife marked by deprivation, suffering, and dependency.

The journey of one of the Buddha's chief disciples, Maha Moggallāna (Sanskrit Maudgalyayana, Chinese Mulian), to this realm provides a first step for how to break the vicious cycle of addiction borne of trauma.

Many of us have a "hungry ghost" (peta, preta) lurking inside of us. If anyone is struggling, please reach out to a professional as there are many great organizations, including ‪@TWLOHA‬, filled with people trained and willing to help.*
Politics of hungry ghosts: Israeli imperialism
TIMESTAMPS
  • 00:00 Introduction
  • 00:31 Bhavachakra at Punakha Dzong, Bhutan, photographed by Bernard Gagnon, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 00:49 The Six Realms of Birth, Edo Period Japan, British Museum
  • 01:13 Ghosts from the Bangkok National Museum
  • 01:26 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum
  • 02:06 Unending Hunger
  • 02:09 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum
  • 02:50 Haunting Ghosts from the Thirty-Seven Nats
  • 03:15 Dr. Gabor Maté, In The Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction
  • 03:54 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum
  • 04:39 Maudgalyayana [Maha Moggallana] Rescuing His Mother, Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
  • 05:05 From Darkness
  • 05:08 Ven. Maha Moggallana at Wat Olak Madu, Kedah, photographed by Ven. Anandajoti Bhikkhu, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 05:38 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum
  • 06:37 Yulanpen Sutra, Mahayana canon
  • 07:12 Shakyamuni Buddha from the Dazu Rock Carvings, photographed by Michael Gunther, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 07:42 Mulian Saves His Mother, 19th Century China
  • 08:26 Into Light
  • 08:30 Silk Roundel with Endless Knot Symbol, 19th Century China, Los Angeles County Museum of Art
  • 09:00 Rahans Receiving Offerings, 19th Century Burma
  • 09:18 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum
  • 09:57 Offering at Hong Kong Ghost Festival, photographed by Rose Tim Wing Mxuiek, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 10:10 Begging monk in Himeji, photographed by Nesnad, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 10:20 Mukaebi of the Bon Festival, photographed by Batholith
  • 10:55 Conclusion
  • 10:59 Homeless man in New York, photographed by CGP Grey, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 11:09 The Drinker by Albert Anker
  • 11:26 Sinhalese manuscript, photographed by Wellcome Images, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 11:51 Floating Lanterns, photographed by San Lie, licensed under Creative Commons
  • 12:25 Hungry Ghost Scroll, Kyoto National Museum Ambient - The Ambient by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license.
ABOUT: Mythos and Logos are two ancient words that can be roughly translated as “Story and Meaning.” Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and commenting to join the conversation. Patreon: mythosandlogos. The purpose of this channel is to share the important stories at the foundation of human cultures throughout history. These include mythology, legends, folktales, religious stories, and parables from the dawn of history to the modern day. This channel provides interpretations and insight into these stories, to find and apply their meaning to contemporary life. All stories covered are treated academically. This channel makes no claims regarding the historical, scientific, or religious truth of these tales. Rather, its goal is to find the meanings understood by their authors and apply them to the modern world.

*All channel income from October 31-November 30, 2021, donated to To Write Love On Her Arms (TWLOHA) to help the Hungry Ghosts around us every day. Thanks for supporting an organization that helps those who are struggling.

Monday, September 8, 2025

Mexican 'Day of the Dead' Barbie (video)


Hi. I'm La Calavera Catrina. Buy me.
Celebrate the vibrant and beloved Mexican holiday with Mattel Corporation's new Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead) Collection.

Barbie doll looks luminous wearing a long, black ruffled gown with intricate, colorful detailing and embroidered sugar skulls. Her orange headband highlights her updo and evokes the festival's iconic marigold flowers.

Calavera (skull) face paint and bright pink accessories complete her festive look. While sold separately, both Barbie [Beltran] and Ken [Castro] dolls wear complimentary patterns, making them a perfect set and the ultimate keepsake that inspires joy and elegance.
Day of the Dead doll is not the first Mexican Princess Barbie in an original box (Etsy)
Barbie® Dia de Muertos doll designer: Javier Maebe. Label: Black Face Sculpt: Lina Body Type: ModelMuse. Includes certificate of authenticity to avoid cheap knockoffs. Barbie Club 59 members get a deal. Buy Día de Muertos Barbie doll at MattelCreations.com while supplies last. During this time, the doll may also be available at participating Target and Walmart locations, as well as Amazon.com, Target.com, and Walmart.com. Dolls cannot stand alone. Doll stand included. Colors and decorations may vary. Purchase limits subject to change at the sole discretion of Mattel. SKU#: HRM72

Friday, September 5, 2025

Halloween Horror Nights 2025 begin


Ghosts are more subtle than human bodies.
(NBCLA) Take a peek at Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Studios Hollywood, an amusement park where many scary things were once filmed for the big studio system.

It's that time of year again when The Veil is thin between the worlds/dimensions and the dead mingle with the living. What we call the Halloween season is Obon in Buddhist Japan, Samhain in Celtic Ireland, and Dia de Los Muertos in Mexico and Latin America.

These ancient beliefs and customs are linked to some reality, not just make believe swept away by a colonial missionary religion that says no to heathen paganism and tries to enforce worship of its imperial deity.

Obon: when The Veil gets thin
Obon (お盆 [1]) or just Bon (盆 [2][a]) is a fusion of the ancient Japanese belief in ancestral spirits and a Japanese Buddhist custom to honor the spirits of one's deceased ancestors. This Buddhist custom has evolved into a family reunion holiday during which people return to ancestral family places and visit and clean their ancestors' graves when the spirits of ancestors are supposed to revisit the household altars. It has been celebrated in Japan for more than 500 years and traditionally includes a dance, known as Bon Odori. More: Obon

Thursday, October 31, 2024

Scare Yourself Awake (spooky Tricycle)

Scare Yourself Awake
A Buddhist monastery painting of Tibetan Citipati, skeletal protector deities. Pharping, Nepal (Wonderlane/flickr.com)

Scare Yourself Awake 
Some of Tricycle magazine's spookiest reads for Halloween
(Tricycle) Today is Halloween, and here’s the chilling secret: Buddhism loves ghosts (pretas, petas). And not just the hungry kind. Demons, spirits, and other supernatural creatures abound in the Buddhist canon, and they continue to play a role in the lives of many Buddhist practitioners today.

To some skeptics, all those ghoulish beings are just "psychological" tropes, mere projections of unenlightened minds. But like any good teacher, the things that go bump in the night have a way of upending our notions about what we hold to be real and unreal.

So fill your oryoki bowls with mini Milky Ways, and descend into the hellish and haunted realms, with these seven articles from the Tricycle archives that highlight the mysterious roles that shapeshifting monsters, specters, ghosts, and zombies have played in Buddhist traditions throughout history.

For the easily frightened, a selection of articles about overcoming fear through meditation and Buddhist teachings is also included. Happy Halloween!

Buddhist Halloween Horrors
The Monsters of Buddhism—Inside and Out by Julia Hirsch
An abridged guide to Buddhist monsters and the lessons they hold about the possibility of transformation — such as the child-eating Kishimojin, who eventually purifies her karma and becomes the Buddha-endorsed guardian deity of mothers and children. Alternatively, a horror movie with a happy ending. More

How to Watch a Thai Ghost Movie by May Cat
A Thai cinephile writes about the karma-fueled haunting of the 2009 Thai horror flick Novice. A young man ordains as a novice monk but is tormented by the misdeeds (unskillful karma) of his past. In the end, the novice gets his due, and the hungry ghosts doom him to life as one of their own. More

Ghosts, Gods, and the Denizens of Hell by Prof. Donald Lopez, Jr.
Buddhist studies scholar Donald Lopez Jr. provides an introduction to [Mahayana's] six realms — including the less than desirable sectors of existence. “There are eight hot hells and eight cold hells, four neighboring hells, and a number of trifling hells,” he writes, reminding us that even though human existence is tough, it’s still the best (and only) shot we have at freedom from samsara

Treasury of Lives: Halloween Edition by Harry Einhorn
Tibetan cosmology is populated with interesting paranormal creatures, like deloks — people who died, visited the lower realms, and returned to warn those in the human realm about the punishments that await them unless they start walking an ethical path.

Also in Tibetan Buddhism is a model of fear-facing Buddhist practice in the female Master Machik Labron (1055–1149), who encouraged her students to do chöd, tantric practice in burial grounds and other spooky places.

The Old Human Demoness by Chokey Dolma
This haunting tale by Chokey Dolma showcases the richness of Tibetan ghost stories. Once upon a time, a young monk disobeys his teacher’s order to buy meat only as given without asking for more, and he becomes marked by evil spirits. To avoid becoming demon food, the young monk travels to Lhasa and requests the aid of a mysterious old woman. Although she agrees to help hide him from the demons, the young monk eventually discovers there is more to this woman than meets the eye.

Bringing Hungry Ghosts Out of Hiding, Andy Rotman in conversation with Julia Hirsch
Andy Rotman, a scholar of South Asian religions at Smith College and one of the few academics researching the history of hungry ghosts, explains what the most wretched beings of the Buddhist cosmos can teach us about greed, suffering, and the dharma.

Into the Demon’s Mouth, by Aura Glaser
Through a modern retelling of the Buddhist story of the great Tibetan saint Milarepa and the demons who inhabited his cave, Glaser invokes Carl Gustav Jung, Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, and others to illustrate how remaining present among difficult life situations can help us to work with problems and to even learn from them. A parable with elements of horror, Glaser’s writing opens up the story so that we can learn to face our fears with clarity and kindness.

FEAR (FEAR)
Harnessing Horror Through Meditation by Biju Sukumaran
After getting stuck on Disneyland’s Space Mountain ride as a child, Biju Sukumaran has had a phobia of heights and small spaces. Recently, he started drawing from the Buddhist practices of vipassana (insight) and Tibetan chöd meditation to face his fears of flying, horror movies and, yes, even roller coasters.

A Safe Container for Fear by Josh Korda
What does fear feel like in the body? Approaching feelings of unease, anxiety, and social discomfort with questions like these, Josh Korda suggests, can help untangle the web of fear we weave for ourselves.

Facing Fear by Lama Tsony
Coming back to the focal point of meditation (the breath, posture, or a visualization) can help us practice and move through our fears, Lama Tsony writes. Taking refuge or seeking guidance from a spiritual teacher or friend offers the support we need as we explore the uncomfortable zones of our minds.

The Terror Within by Zenju Earthlyn Manuel
In a meditation on the different ways fear has come up in her own life and practice, Zen priest, author, and artist Zenju Earthlyn Manuel uses lessons from the Heart Sutra and the Buddha’s teachings on the Five Hindrances to provide steps for breaking out of cycles of anxiety and to acknowledge the roots of our fear as a conditioned state that is accumulated over a lifetime. By providing steps for breathing into these feelings and releasing them, Manuel invites readers not to hide from their fear but to embrace it as an act of liberation. Source
  • ‘A Stomach like an Ocean, a Mouth like the Eye of a Needle’ Andy Rotman
⧫ This article was originally published on October 31, 2019. Tricycle is the leading independent journal of Buddhism in the West, where it continues to be the most inclusive and widely read vehicle for the dissemination of Buddhist views and values. By remaining unaffiliated with any particular teacher, sect, or lineage, Tricycle provides a public forum for exploring Buddhism and its dialogue with the broader culture.

View Comments Top courses Take an online Buddhism course at your own pace. The Five Spiritual Powers by: Christina Feldman, Christoph Köck and Jake Dartington Writing as a Spiritual Practice by: Sallie Tisdale Freeing the Mind When the Body Hurts by: Vidyamala Burch The Spiral to Freedom by: John Peacock and Akincano Weber Real Life by: Sharon Salzberg Related hungry ghost stomach ocean Teachings Karma ‘A Stomach like an Ocean, a Mouth like the Eye of a Needle’ Translated by Andy Rotman Machig Labdron Anam Thubten Teachings Fear Trample on What Challenges You By Anam Thubten faith in Buddhism Teachings Fear Faith in Buddhism By Khenpo Sodargye Subscribe Today Tricycle is more than a magazine Subscribe for access to video teachings, monthly films, e-books, and our 30-year archive. Subscribe Weekly Newsletter The latest from Tricycle to your inbox and more Your email here Donate Now Help us share Buddhist teachings Tricycle is a nonprofit that depends on reader support. Donate Topics Teachings Meditation Ideas Culture Personal Reflections News Obituaries Topic Pages Magazine Dharma Talks Film Club Podcasts Online Courses Buddhism for Beginners Daily Dharma App Events E-Books More About Customer Support Newsletters Contact Advertise Careers Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright 2024. Tricycle. All rights reserved. Design by Point Five and Code Rodeo. Development by Code Rodeo Subscribe Search About Log In Subscribe Teachings Meditation Ideas Culture Personal Reflections × Teachings Meditation Ideas Culture Personal Reflections Events Dharma Talks Film Club Podcasts Online Courses Buddhism for Beginners Magazine Haiku Challenge All Topics Login Subscribe for access to video teachings, monthly films, e-books, and our 30-year archive. Subscribe Tricycle is a nonprofit that depends on reader support. Donate Culture Fear Scare Yourself Awake Some of our spookiest reads for Halloween By Tricycle Oct 31, 2023

Thursday, October 24, 2024

Day of Dead: Buddhist hungry ghost stories

How to do the Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos): "Sugar Skull/La Catrina Makeup Tutorial"

Ancient Buddhist ghost stories from the Petavatthu (Tales of Hungry Ghosts)
(FOOLESJOURNEY) This collection of ancient South Asian ghost (peta, preta) stories combines several passages from an early Buddhist text called the Peta-vatthu – meaning “Ghost Stories," or more specifically, "Tales of Hungry Ghosts." It was likely written after 300 BCE, and is deeply rooted in ancient (especially pre-Buddhist, Vedic, Hindu) concepts of disembodied souls (subtle body beings) trapped between hellish and human planes, in the realm of hungry ghosts, doomed to experience torture and consequences of greedy, hateful, and deluded behavior in life, creating what are more simply referred to as “hungry ghosts.”

FURTHER READING
Sugar skull/La Catrina makeup tutorial
(Jhanay Mendez) Products used: white Snazaroo face paint mixed with MAC face and body foundation, C2 black Snazaroo face paint, Marc Jacobs black eyeliner, Naked palette tease/blackout, Colourpop matte liquid lipstick in Love Bug E.L.F. translucent powder, Covergirl rocket mascara, Ardell lashes in natural. Oct. 21, 2016: Instagram: @jhanaymendez
#ghoststory #ghost #ghosts #buddhism #ancienthistory #ancientindia #ancientbharat #bharat #nepal #southasian #history #ancientworld #ancientstory #preta #ancientreligion #buddha #merits #culture #custom #haunting #india #ancienttexts #scarystory #scary #scarystories
  • FoolesJourney, Dec. 12, 2023: Crystal Quintero, CC Liu, Dhr. Seven (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

Tuesday, October 1, 2024

Ken Page, Nightmare Before Xmas, dies


People don't really die, do they? Do we?
(Todd Malkin) Ken Page (1954-2024) sings "Oogie Boogie," a song from A Nightmare Before Christmas live @ The Hollywood Bowl on Halloween 2015).

Page has died at 70, according to a close friend. He now faces rebirth, potentially among the unfortunate beings of the dismal hungry ghost realm for his habitual karma on earth. What did he do? He was an actor and singer, counterfeiting the truth on stage, which American Theravada Buddhist monk Ven. Thanissaro suggests is the kind of karma (deeds) that dooms one to miserable consequences.
All is not lost. Such rebirths, however long lived, are impermanent and then one carries on according to one's just desserts. Of course, it is possible that he willed, carried out, and stored up merit and skillful deeds to counteract some or all of the deeds we saw. The working out of karma is imponderable, but general things may be said about it. May Ken Page be well and happy and celebrate skillful deeds done on his behalf by those who remain living on a plane where wholesome actions are possible (such as the human plane). 

Tuesday, May 28, 2024

How to stop: REAL cause of addictions

They stand at the periphery waiting, clinging. They passed away with strong attachments.

The REAL reason behind addictions and how to get over them
I don't know how it began. I was molested.
(Asangoham) April 26, 2024: Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism includes within its teachings a very interesting concept, that of the "hungry ghost," known as yidags in Tibetan [preta in Sanskrit, peta in Pali].

Dr. Gabor Mate used this idea in his research
One possible form of hungry ghost can be a person who has died while still in the midst of intense craving, attachment, or an insatiable addiction.

Tibetan Buddhists believe that at death one sheds only the physical or gross form; the subtle and causal forms of the body remain [in a changing state of flux, just as they changed and were in flux during life].

This means that while one is now [temporarily] free of the gross or physical body, one is still in the grip of the subtle body, or mind, that was “made” during that and previous lifetimes.

The causal body will retain the seed of the addiction and carry it into the next life if it is not purified. Thus, those who die in the grip of addiction or craving or attachment often remain in the physical plane as disembodied hungry ghosts.
The Wisdom of Trauma
  • [Dr. Gabor Mate, Canadian addiction medical specialist and star of Zeitgeist, contends that there are NO addictive substances or activities. Many people are indeed addicted and unable to stop; there is no doubt about that. Dr. Mate treats them daily and set up Canada's first compassionate care center to help them. But it turns out the real problem is an interaction of factors. IF substances and activities were "addictive," then everyone who partook would become addicted. This does not happen. Q: What then is the underlying cause?
    When the Body Says No
  • A: Susceptibility brought on by childhood trauma. If a person who was abused takes a nonaddictive substance like alcohol, meth, fentanyl, MSG, sugar, heroin, crack, cocaine, or marijuana (which flood the brain with feelgood dopamine, endorphins, and neurotransmitters) then addiction quickly sets in. But it cannot be substance. It is that substance in that person. So as a society we abuse our children then condemn them for the easy-to-access coping mechanism they resort to to self-soothe. It's a double-bind, a Catch 22, a fully Belgium (HHGTTG) situation. Ghosts get trapped this way, and then they are trapped (in bondage), and then for a long time lost "in the realm of hungry ghosts" (Buddhism's peta loka). Knowing this, seeing this, one adheres to the Five Precepts, for one who preserves the Five Precepts is preserved by the Five Precepts. Otherwise, after the ghost realm, which is the beginning of the downfall (niraya), the great waste, one continues down to the hells, where there is no apparent way out. Good karma now will help a great deal then. So make merit (punya).]
Is Dr. Gabor Mate a secular Jewish Buddhist or a Buddhist Jew? (drgabormate.com)
.
I want what I want when I want it. I'm hungry.
That is, such beings are still gripped by insatiable addiction but now without the physical body that would give them any chance of satiating that addiction.

Those with the ability to perceive disembodied spirits can perceive hungry ghosts. These people claim that in those places such as the “red light” districts of many cities where people gather to drink, have sex (engage in prostitution), or use intoxicants -- three of the most common pursuits of human addiction -- hungry ghosts can be seen to congregate, often in great numbers.

Addiction is complex. It transcends mere substance or behavioral abuse. Addiction is defined as a chronic and relapsing disorder.

It is characterized by compulsive seeking, continued use, and a lack of control. This continues in the face of and despite severe adverse consequences.


The brain is dependent on neurochemicals.
Fundamentally, addiction involves changes in the brain's reward system. Repeated exposure to addictive substances or behaviors leads to neuroadaptations.

This adaptation diminishes the brain's sensitivity to natural rewards (such as dopamine) and compels/drives one in the compulsive pursuit of the addictive stimulus.

In the digital age, behavioral addictions related to technology and social media have also begun to take hold. #addictions #hungryghosts #zen

DISCLAIMER 01: All ideas expressed on this channel are for entertainment and general information purposes only. There is no advice on what an individual should or should not do. Any response made by anyone after hearing this communication is their interpretation and is their responsibility. Ideas expressed by this channel should not be treated as a substitute for medical advice or professional help. If expert assistance or counselling is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

DISCLAIMER 02: All materials in these videos are used for entertainment purposes and fall within the guidelines of fair use. No copyright infringement intended. If one is, or represents, the copyright owner of materials used in this video and has an issue with the use of said material, please send an email to doseofquotes02@gmail.com. Copyright © 2022 Asangoham. All rights reserved.
  • Asogaham (Script: Matt Mackane. Edit: Medo. Voiceover: Matt Mackane); Seth Auberon, Dhr. Seven (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

Thursday, March 21, 2024

International Day of Forests: Hooray for Trees

International Day of Forests images (bing.com)
International Day of Forests, March 21, 2024 (bing.com)
If we could thank Sujata, we would. We can't. But we can thank the trees and the descendant of one in particular. It lives in Sri Lanka, and we have seen it. It's descendent is back in India.
.
Awakening under a tree
Buddhism began in the forest -- the woods, the jungle, the wild wilderness -- when the ascetic Siddhartha had had it with the company of yogis and set off to practice more extreme austerities alone in breathtaking groves.

Five fellow wandering ascetics followed him. He increased his penance, punished the body (for what turned out to be the mind's doings) and fell flat on his face while going to pee. It was no way to live. He ate less and less, shriveled up, and stopped taking air. Not breathing, air (and life-giving prana) entered through his ears. He fainted and fell to the forest floor exhausted.
How did you do it? We thought you gave up!
Invisible woodland fairies (bhumi-devas), seeing him, said to each other that they would feed him their food through his pores. He overheard them and refused, thinking it would be a form of lying if others thought he was fasting but was secretly being fed manna (or whatever energy sources it is those devas ate). He abandoned his companions and tucked deeper into the woods to find a tree.

What is at the heart of a tree? Heartwood
Under a magnificent big sal tree, he determined to make a breakthrough. But it didn't work. Instead, a woman named Sujata came and offered him food. He accepted it from her hand, her maidservant looking on. They thought he was a dryad, the spirit of that tree manifesting in human form to receive their offering of gratitude. Sujata had wished on the tree to become pregnant, and it had worked. She and her servant had prepared the special offering as a thank you.

Massive Japanese Buddha built in Bodh Gaya
Bringing him home in a barrel, according to some versions of the story, they nursed him back to health to help him regain his strength. His fellow ascetics turned their back on him for these "sins" -- talking to females, receiving things from their hands, breaking his fast, reverting to a life of luxury and ease. Siddhartha was washed up among the forest tradition of spiritual seekers.

Restored to health, he returned to the woods and found another tree, a nearly 35-year-old pipal tree (Ficus religiosa), enormous with beautiful flowers soon to bear tiny figs.

Trees are easy to love and respond well = vibes.
It was spring, the month of May, his birthday approaching. We know this because that tree was born on the same day he was (Vesak, the full moon day in the month of Vesakha or May) and came to be the most revered tree in the world, the original Bodhi tree. It is the oldest documented tree in the world, even if California has noble bristlecone pines that are much older, according to scientific tests (the counting of rings) rather than human records.

This place is in what is now called Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India, at that time just a breathtaking grove near a river in the Kingdom of Magadha. The area came to be called the state of Bihar because there sprouted up so many viharas, Buddhist monastic complexes, for the many male and female wandering ascetics who came to join his sangha and find the same enlightenment. The specific location is now called "Enlightenment Grove" (Bodhi Gaya), a Buddhist pilgrimage destination of great importance, site of the Maha Bodhi Vihar or "Temple of the Great Awakening."

This is a descendent of the original Bodhi tree the Buddha sat under when he gained enlightened and first touched nirvana. The original parent tree was felled maliciously by marauding Muslims angry that people were venerating a tree.
.
The Maha Bodhi Temple built next to the tree
He ordained followers of the Path, turning them from the home-bound life into wandering ascetics of the left-home life. They did not live anywhere but wandered through forests for meditation and towns for alms, walking far from their former homes to shake any sense of parochialism, leaving their family ties and petty involvements to dedicate themselves to realizing the ultimate truths. Buddhism began as a forest tradition in the refuge of the woods.

It didn't end there with so many events happening in this forest or that after long foot journeys through the woods. When, 45 years later, it was time to call it a life and be done with rebirth, the Buddha and his attendant monk, Ananda, set off for the woods, into the middle of nowhere (near modern-day Gorakhpur, India, near the border with Nepal). When Ananda understood that the end was near, he asked the Buddha to get out of there and go to a big kingdom instead of the boondocks of Kushinagar.

The Buddha responded that what was now a wilderness was in ancient times a great city and state. Moreover, it was at the crossroads, a no man's land, of various kingdoms. In this way, no one could claim his body. Instead, it was partitioned, and stupas (burial mounds) were built to house the relics (shariras) by various kings and even some devas from space.

When it came time for the Buddha to lay down the burden, he walked a long way into the wood (now Kushinagar) and looking for a suitable place, he saw twin sal trees and reclined between them to enter final nirvana. His last act was entering the absorptions (as if he were visiting those worlds corresponding to those meditative states to take his leave of them just as he was doing for the human plane).
  • The Awakened One, the Buddha Gautama
    DETAILS, DETAILS
    : Nirvana is achieved only while alive. Glimpsing it is called stream entry, the first stage of enlightenment. There are further stages, traditionally four but actually there are more. Stream enterers at most must endure up to seven more rebirths. But there are different kinds of stream enterers, as defined in the Path of Freedom (Vimutti Magga). That number of rebirths gradually declines with progress until it is one more rebirth. That is the second traditional stage, the once returner, which refers to more rebirth on the human plane. But one might, by not laying down the burden and achieving full enlightenment in that life, would be reborn again but now in the rarefied Pure Abodes and attain final liberation there. The next stage is the non-returner, who will never be reborn anywhere but the Pure Abodes and attain final liberation there. The final stage is full enlightenment, the arhat (arahant), achieved while living, even in this very life. At that point one is done with all rebirth and suffering. Although, due to the limits of language, this is called "full" enlightenment, it is not actually the highest form of enlightenment. There are two superior forms, which are extremely rare. In essence, all enlightenment entails full enlightenment, it's just a matter of when: within seven rebirths, within two rebirths, within one rebirth, here and now with no further rebirth at all. The two superior forms are supreme enlightenment (samma-sam-bodhi) with the power to teach and supreme enlightenment without that ability (pacceka-buddhahood). What does a Buddha know that an arhat does not? Everything essential for final liberation is present in all three kinds of "full" enlightenment. So one way we like to think of it is that there are three kinds of buddhas: Supreme Buddhas, Silent Buddhas, and Personal Buddhas, that is, Self-Awakened Teachers, Self-Awakened Non-Teachers, and Enlightened Disciples. We can become any one of these; however, Silent Buddhas are extremely rare and Supreme Buddhas are so extraordinarily rare that they arise occur in a world-system (cakkavala) a few or fewer times in an aeon (kalpa). If we had forever, and in a sense we do, we might choose to be just like the Buddha and know all that he knew. We do not have forever, in another (in an ultimate) sense, because we do not even have two consecutive moments to string together, such is the radical impermanence (anicca) of the universe. There is tremendous suffering (dukkha) in choosing the path of supreme awakening with or without the ability to teach the path for others to awaken -- which entails establishing the Dharma in the world again and establishing a fourfold noble sangha, of male and female monastics and lay disciples who have awakened to at least the first stage. That is what "noble" (aryan) means -- having experienced a "change of lineage" (gotrabhu), becoming one of the "noble ones." Many think this refers only to buddhas or only to arhats. It, in fact, includes all of those who by way of insight have awakened to the Truth and glimpsed nirvana. For having glimpsed it, one might re-experience that ultimate bliss of the deathless in life many times over, spontaneously, confirming that the path-and-fruits (magga-phala) have been realized. This is not something one would wait for death to know, because death always entails rebirth until one makes an end of all further rebirth and suffering by the path culminating in arhatship or "full" enlightenment.
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  • TEXT: Dhr. Seven; Pat Macpherson and Amber Larson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly