Showing posts with label kathoey. Show all posts
Showing posts with label kathoey. Show all posts

Thursday, June 11, 2026

The 'Dark' Side of Theravada Buddhism

COMMENTARY
Wisdom Quarterly editors
What the Buddha Never Taught
The "dark" side of Theravada first came to light for us in reading Tim Ward's What the Buddha Never Taught. The problem then was the behavior of Buddhist "novices" (monks-in-training) in Thailand, which is a cultural custom to ordain before being considered ready for marriage in the wildly popular and largely Theravada Buddhist country.

Ward reports that as a samanera (white clad follower of eight or ten precepts), one Westerner had reported that a novice pleasured himself while staring over this sleeping person. We were shocked and mortified that such a thing could happen or be allowed to happen, but this is not the act of a male intending to be a monk until enlightenment or for the rest of his life. These hormonal boys are sent to the monastery for "temporary ordination" as young as 7 and may stay a few days or one rainy season (Rains Retreat). That's how it could happen.

Now, imagine the horror that men (20 and older) who take monastic vows live as wolves among the faithful givers of alms, taking advantage of the generosity of Buddhist supporters but having no aim of enlightenment or even keeping the monastic precepts recited in the patimokkha. That is a shame and a pity and directly the fault of a monastic sangha ("spiritual community") that does not enforce the rules or disciplinary procedures the historical Buddha laid down for the long life of the sangha and the Dhamma (the Teaching that leads to enlightenment in this very life).

The larger problem nowadays is even worse than that and is the real source of widespread corruption, homosexuality, crime, and hypocrisy in the sanghas of the Theravada countries. And that is that so few males want to enter the monastic life for genuine and sincere reasons that these societies have found workarounds: send in males who have no interest in practice but who need support and are willing to at least pretend to be well-behaved monks, teachers, and examples to the rest of society.

This problem has also appeared in Catholic countries all over the world, with overwhelming corruption, sinfulness, and public disaffection. It may be worse in Catholicism, which used to allow its priests to get married until the Vatican found it far more PROFITABLE to ban clergy marriages, which were directing donations to the children of clergy members as inheritance. When the practice of clergy marrying was BANNED, priests just broke the new rule the way they had always been breaking the rule against chastity (avowed celibacy), doing it in secret with child victims, fellow homosexuals, or visiting housewives. It has been more or less an open secret for centuries. So "secret" is it that corruption and homosexuality among cardinals and bishops -- who are priests with more responsibilities -- sets the example for younger "seminarians," which is what s*men-loaded cadets at the Catholic training schools call themselves and what they are called by other fellow gay-active trainees.

A wonderful book exposing the wholesale policy, not aberration, of these practices was published in Italian and has been translated into English. South Park mocked it in a wonderful episode about a good priest from the town going to Rome and finding out it's the norm. It's like that saying about police officers. "Nine out of ten officers make the other one look bad." In other words, the majority of hypocrites make the precious few sincere ones look bad. And the few good ones give cover and respectability to the many wolves in sheep's clothing. But this is not about Catholic corruption, or corruption among Jews, Evangelical Protestants, Western Hare Krishna devotees, or anybody else. This is about the dark and disgusting side of Theravada monastics.

A recent bust of many Sri Lankan novices and monks bringing potent cannabis into Sri Lanka through the international airport has not yet been resolves. Were they simply duped into acting as "mules" (carrying the pot in secret trap doors in their suitcases to benefit the donor who sent them on holiday to Thailand to pick up the massive shipment), or were they in on it and partaking of the intoxicant?

How can a common monk become a "saint"?
The solution is clear but not simple. The sangha as a united body needs to reinstitute the existing procedures on the books for expelling "defeated" monks and wayward "ascetics" for the good of the Buddha's dispensation (Śāsana) and the long life of the uncorrupted Dhamma (Dharma) in the world. It is not so important that one man falls due to greed, hatred/fear, or delusion and becomes a hypocrite, one taking advantage of a monastic career. What is important is that such hypocrites end up taking the whole sangha and eventually the whole Dhamma (Buddhist Teaching) in the world. The Monastic Disciplinary Rules exist in the Vinaya Pitaka, which is one of three massive collections of works on the three distinct divisions of the Pali canon (conventional sutras, monastic discipline, and the Doctrine in ultimate terms: Suttas, Vinaya, Abhidhamma).
  • There is still time to be upstanding.
    There comes a time... the Yellow-Necks, "monks" who do not live by the rules but who at least study and learn the Dhamma without much putting it into practice. Are we arrived at that time?
  • “In future times, Ānanda, there will be members of this clan who are ‘yellow-necks,’ immoral, of evil character. People will give gifts to those immoral persons for the sake of the Sangha. Even then, I say, an offering made to the Sangha is incalculable, immeasurable. And I say that in no way is a gift to a person individually ever more fruitful than an offering made to the Sangha [as a whole]” (Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅga Sutta, MN 142) dhammawheel.com
  • The disparaging term "yellow-necks" comes from, in the future, those defeated (parajika) "monks" wearing not full robes but a yellow, orange, red, or saffron scrap of a robe around their neck or wrist to signify their status as members of the sangha.
[FREE eBook] The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volumes I & II (Thanissaro/AudioBuddha)
.
The monastic rules have also been translated into English by the American monk in the Thai Forest Tradition Thanissaro Bhikkhu, an abbot near San Diego, California (watmetta.org).

I tried. You can't please everybody all the time.
Ven. Thanissaro is a cantankerous old monk whom, we were told in Thailand, was driven out of Thailand and back to America due to monastic politics. It seems he served his ailing teacher, who might have left him, a farang ("foreigner"), in charge, but the local Thai monks waiting their turn to ascend in the monastery weren't going to stand for that. This may have made him bitter, but he has suffered from malaria for so long that it is difficult to discern the roots eating at this prodigious but hopelessly idiosyncratic translator of Thai and Pali. But his voice is nice, like a pilot for the big airlines, and people not in the know seem to like his warped take on things. We recommend Bhikkhu Bodhi for classic, well-rounded, and well-supported translations. Tan Jeff is nice enough to explain himself sometimes, but he is sorely lacking in providing the Pali term he is aberrantly translating into his own misleading glossary of terms. Please do better, sir, but thank you for all your work. We have known young men who tried to be monastics at Wat Metta who, finding the abbot insufferable, have left to better pastures, usually the idyllic Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery.

Sunday, May 17, 2026

Gay pervert or eunuch? What's a pandaka?


As is well known, the Pali term pandaka has two different meanings. The first is "eunuch." This meaning is not in doubt.
  • Italian militant, Second Italo-Ethiopian War
    [Though what most individuals in the West imagine a eunuch is may well be in doubt since it has more to do with testicles and testosterone production than the presence or absence of a penis after castration, which most think means "penis removal." Removal of the male gonads or testes, such as in the case of Italian Catholic castratos, will produce a "eunuch" with an intact penis but not a means of producing adequate male hormones.]
  • [What are testosterone, steroid hormones, and synthetic steroids? They are androgenic or masculinizing compounds, present and important in the development and of both males and females, is what makes a person "virile" (Pali viriya "energetic, effortful, industrious, heroic"). Although androgens are commonly thought of only as male sex hormones, females also have them, but at lower levels: They function in libido and sexual arousal. Androgens are the precursors to estrogens in all humans.]
  • [My Old Man's a Fatso: Hey, Dad, get TestoGreens Max! But it's his aromatase. Where's his saw palmetto extract?]
Castration as punishment, 16th century
Indeed, related terms are found in several Indo-Aryan languages (cf. Turner 1966;435, no. 7717, panda- [m.] "a eunuch, weakling"; Monier-Williams 1899:580; Childers 1875;328):

Sanskrit: panda-h (m.) "a eunuch, weakling"; pandaka-h (m.) "a eunuch, weakling"; pandaga-h (m.) (probably) "a eunuch, weakling"; pandra-h (m.) "a eunuch, impotent man"; pandraka-h (m.) "a eunuch, impotent man."

Pali: pandaka- (m.) "a eunuch, weakling"; pandika (f.).

Prakrit: pamda-, pamdaga-, pamdaya (m.) "a eunuch, weakling."

The Indo-Aryan terms are usually taken to be loanwords from Dravidian (cf. Mayrhofer 1956-1980.II:196; Burrow 1973:384):

Tamil pen "woman," pentu "woman, wife," pentan, pentakan, pentakam, "hermaphrodite, eunuch," pennan "effeminate man," peti "hermaphrodite";

Malayalam pen "a female, especially a female child, girl," pennan "effeminate'';

Kannada pen, pennu, penda "female, woman," pentana "state of being a female, feminine character or behavior";

Telugu penti "woman," pedi "eunuch"; etc. (cf. Burrow-Emeneau 1984:388, no. 4395).

Second definition

That there is a second meaning is also not in dispute. However, what, exactly, that meaning is has been the source of controversy.

According to one interpretation, the second meaning of pandak is "male homosexual." This cannot possibly be correct and is based upon a critical misinterpretation of a key [Theravada Buddhist] text, namely, the story about a pandaka who was ordained as a [Buddhist monk or] Bhikkhu [1] and who, overcome by sexual desire, went around trying to persuade other Bhikkhus and lay persons to sodomize him.
  • [Indonesian Orang Pendek means "short person" or "little man," a kind of cryptid Bigfoot creature or bipedal primate from the remote, forested mountains of the island of Sumatra.]
After several lay persons did so, the Sangha [2] was criticized for allowing such a person to be ordained as a Bhikkhu.

When this came to the Buddha's attention, He forbade pandakas from being ordained and ordered the pandaka in question to be expelled from the Sangha. [He also set up a rule not to ordain pandakas in the future and that if someone had already been ordained and was found to be a pandaka, that person was to be immediately expelled. See Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender edited by UCSB Prof. José Ignacio Cabezón for more details on this incident.]

As noted by Kelvin Wong (2005), it is clear from the Pali Tipitaka [3] that the Buddha was aware of the difference between eunuchs, hermaphrodites, and homosexuals.


FOOTNOTES
1. A Buddhist Monk. A Buddhist Nun is called "Bhikkhuni."
2. The Buddhist Monastic Order.
3. The canonical scriptures of Theravadin Buddhism, preserved in the Middle Indo-Aryan language now known as "Pali," the original meaning of which was simply "text." These scriptures are divided into three-"baskets" (ti-pitaka): (1) the disciplinary rules for Monks and Nuns (Vinaya Pitaka); (2) the discourses of the Buddha and several of His chief disciples (Sutta Pitaka); and (3) the "higher doctrine" (Abhidhamma Pitaka) [or the Dharma explained in ultimate terms].

Tuesday, January 23, 2024

Kat Von D removing all her tattoos (photos)

Guest Kat Von D on Theo Von Clips, 12/15/23; Ananda (Dharma Buddhist Meditation), Jen Bradford, Ashley Wells (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly
My tattoo guy likes to scribble. I think it looks good, like I'm an animation sketch or snake.
Shut the front door. You know I look good. I'm thinking of doing cam porn or bank robbery.
Tattoos used to be cool. Now every dumb@$$ has one or two or ten, on the face and butt.

They're gonna love you in prison, see? Oh, howdy, they're going to love you hard.


Kat Von D is BLACKING OUT all of her tattoos
Look, Dad, I got a tattoo! - Oh, Jesus, why?
(Theo Von Clips) "Tattoos are kinda boring," Kat says. Celebrities got them and now everyone has them. You can have one and be hired with no problem. There are tattoo shows. There's nothing dangerous about them or even interesting. But this, blacking them out, this is freaking people out. This is like getting tattooed used to be. See? I'm always on the cutting edge of things. #katvond. Full episode: This Past Weekend with Theo Von Clips. Website: theovon.com. #tattoo
What would the Buddha do? Would he get a tattoo? - No, he wasn't molested as a kid.
Sometimes they misspell words. You have to keep an eye on them and triple check.
I'm going to look so cool when I get older, lose my looks, and gain some stubborn weight.
My tattoo is me. I wear this skin, like when a dog rolls in another dog's pee scent.
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#KatVonD #TheoVon #TheoVonClips Excerpt from This Past Weekend w/ Theo Von 474. Find Theo on: Instagram: theovon Facebook: theovon, Facebook Group: thispastweekend, Twitter: theovon, Patreon: theovon, YouTube: theovon.    #TheoVon #KatVonD #ThisPastWeekend #TheoVonClips

Tuesday, April 29, 2014

Thai Buddhism going GAY Catholic? (video)

Dhr. Seven, Ashley Wells, CC Liu, Wisdom Quarterly; The Woody TalkShow
The Monastic Disciplinary Code says pandakas (transsexual or transgender, often gay, individuals) may NOT fully ordain but might be novices as a school interprets its Vinaya.
(The Woody Show interview, April 2014 , Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, English subtitles)
 
Openly gay Thai novice says it should be okay for gays to be monks
Gays are found worldwide but are rarely "out"
According to Theravada Buddhist texts -- from the explanatory stories found in the "Monastic Disciplinary Code" (Vinaya), as translated by Leonard Zwilling (published in Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender, edited by Jose Ignacio Cabezon) -- homosexuality would NOT in keeping with the monastic code. Theravada is the Buddhist tradition followed by 95% of Thailand.

Just friends, Burma* (JLH)
Certainly homosexuals are loved and accepted in the lay Buddhist community. And many gays feel very welcome in traditional Asian Buddhist cultures, not the least of which is Thailand's very welcoming one with its third-gender kathoeys ("lady-boys").

But that acceptance does not extend to official full monastic ordination. Many gays certainly seem to be "monks" (bhikkhus), but they are actually novices (samaneras or "trainees," "probationers," "new recruits").
  • PHOTO: *Just friends? A curious thing about Asia, which many closeted gays must find comforting, is that males hold hands and touch one another the way females do in Western society, and no one thinks of it as "gay" or odd or at all sexual. The two novices or monks shown here at Burma's Shwedagon Pagoda  may hold on to one another, and no one in that society would think this was indicative of homosexuality or even an effeminate thing. But as Western tourists we can hardly think it indicates anything else. Females in Asia are not as demonstrably touchy-feely as in the West, but there is some innocent sisterly affection.
Novices are generally young males under 20 who take temporary ordination in fulfillment of their Southeast Asian (Thai, Burmese, Cambodian, Laotian) Theravada religio-cultural obligations.
 
Genrally, ALL Thai males (gay or not) are expected to ordain temporarily in the capacity of a samanera (female samaneri) for at least a week. [Everything said of gay males here would equally apply to females seeking FULL ordination (whether heteroflexible, bisexual, ambisexual, pansexual, lesbian, or experimental), which is distinct from the Ten Precept status (Thai Mae Chee) most females were traditionally restricted to in Theravada countries. Female can now be fully ordained thanks to newer generations of nuns who successfully reinstituted the tradition.]
 
Gender is socially constructed yet very real
Some might do it for a shorter duration, others for a summer vacation (or a traditional three-month "Rains Retreat" period). Of these, it is expected that only a tiny fraction would choose the lifelong celibate, ascetic, formal monastic lifestyle. But few people would be able to tell a novice from a monk (bhikkhu). Usually, age is the giveaway. Most novices are from 7-20 years of age (taking into consideration that in Asia one is born a 1-year-old, the novitiate state is mostly for teens); however, one may temporarily take robes at any age as a novice with the cooperation of a temple and its abbot.
  • Buddhism and Sexual Orientation 
  • What the Buddha Never Taught: A "Behind the Robes" Account of Life in a Thai Forest Monastery (20th Anniversary Edition) is a funny and enlightening behind-the-scenes account of life in a Thai forest monastery by Tim Ward. 
  • What the Buddha Never Taught is a wonderful true-life story by a journalist who wanted to see what it was like to live at Wat Pah Nanachat, the International Forest Monastery open to Westerners in Northeast Thailand. We visited it, asked around, and found it to be just as Ward described even years later. He did not find a nest of homosexuality, but some novices are gay and forced to temporarily ordain as if they were Catholic boys in Rome. Ward tries to explain Thai culture, which as Westerners we are forced to think is so sexual and "anything goes." But apart from the Bangkok Red Light District strip clubs (like Pat Pong) and misleading massage parlors (which actually do massage and are not fronts for prostitution since prostitution can be found everywhere else).
No doubt homosexuality exists in the Thai Sanghas, both in the larger more lax Mahanikaya and the more extreme royal Dhammayut schools. The latter has grown famous for its restoration of the ancient Forest Tradition, but some criticize it as illegitimate because it was founded by a Thai king who wanted to ordain, and kings have no business and no authority to found Buddhist schools. They, however, do have the money and authority to fund them. So while Dhammayut is only one-tenth the size of the Mahanikaya, it enjoys prestige, reverence, fame, and financial influence far beyond its size. Most renowned Western monks who studied in Thailand did so in the Forest Tradition, which is often associated with the famous Thai teacher Ajahn Chah.

The most famous is the comedic British monk in Australia, Ajahn Brahm. Others include Jack Kornfield (author of Living Buddhist Masters, who brought attention to Ajahn Chah and other Buddhist saints in the jungles of South and Southeast Asia to the West, reissued as Living Dharma: Teachings of Twelve Buddhist Masters), Sharon Salzberg, Joseph Goldstein, Ajahn Sumedho and other former abbots of WPN, and so on.
 
In spite of what casual visitors may conclude, Thailand may be liberal and tolerant, but as a Buddhist society with 90-95% adherence to Theravada Buddhism, it is very conservative.

Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender explores historical, textual, and social questions relating to the position and experience of women and gay people in the Buddhist world from India and Tibet to Sri Lanka, China, and Japan. It focuses on four key areas: Buddhist history, contemporary culture, Buddhist symbols, and homosexuality (including traditional Japanese pederasty or shudo akin to Roman and Greek practices presumably followed to this day by the closeted Catholic priesthood in the old Mithra temple complex now called the Vatican), and it covers Buddhism’s entire history, from its origins to the present day. The result of original and innovative research, the contributors offer new perspectives on the history of the attitudes toward, and of the self-perception of, women in both ancient and modern Buddhist societies. They explore key social issues such as abortion, examine the use of rhetoric and symbols in Buddhist texts and cultures, and discuss the neglected subject of Buddhism and homosexuality.
 
What leaders do -- be it Obama, Netanyahu, or the Pope -- followers will follow, regardless of the motives of the leaders doing it. Hugs are homeplate, and exemplars are on first base.
 
The question becomes a Roman Catholic one: Are non-practicing homosexuals acceptable for full ordination? That is a question that for all practical purposes has to be left to the abbots who would train and be responsible for them. This is where money enters the picture because Western homosexuals can, due to their affluence, find acceptance in poorer temples with few questions asked. Formally, one would be asked during the ordination process. But what will the abbot or the quorum of monks hear if they do not want to know?

Thai New Year (arztsamui)
"Are you a pandaka [pervert, transsexual, flamboyant homosexual, gender-bending transvestite, eunuch, lascivious person incapable of containing your tendency toward sex, self-soothing, masturbation, or sexual misconduct]?" Honestly speaking, one would probably have to say "probably not in the long run." But practically speaking, who would admit to not having self-control. Surely at the time of ordination, one would feel an imperative to rein it in, conceal from oneself, or conceal it from the gatekeepers to live in the close company of unmarried men. 

What's the big deal? - It is a big deal! (TM)
Karmically, this would be a horrible thing to do, but few people believe in the godlike abilities of karma (intentions with the power to bring forth mental and physical results in the future) or even give much consideration to their actions. How long have gay and bisexual men escaped the hetero-normative world into what they perceive to be the welcoming arms of a cloistered all-male community? Men are comfortable and comforting, and would anyone even know? They would know, and laypeople are unlikely to ask for if they know or figure it out, they would still be kowtowed by religious fears of so much as entertaining the question. Why do young novices and boys in the community end up being molested by some fraction of those who enter and remain in the Sangha as frauds?*
  • [*NOTE: This is not to suggest that homosexuality leads one to molest boys, but only to say an almost equally controversial thing: All males who molest boys are engaging in homosexuality, even if one maintains that they are straight or doing it for nonsexual reasons. A terrible thing that happens with molestation, incest, and sexual abuse is that no one talks about it, creating a perfect environment for it to fester and perpetuate itself. Let gays be gays and bis be bis, but let's never let children be molested or victimized because we have too many hang ups to deal with the stark reality of our own issues.]
Good thing this is only for a week (D_C)
Isn't it because gatekeepers are lax or condoning? They can hardly keep pleading ignorance to the practices and inclinations of someone under their 24 care and oversight. Much the same might be said for parents, but a monastic upbringing is much more structured and controlled than any but the most repressive households, and it is this way by design. Homosexuality in and of itself would not, in our opinion, be "sexual misconduct" (kamesu micchacara), but many Southeast Asian as well as Western societies surely see it that way.

Gays can be Thai Buddhist monks? (video)

Ashley Wells, Dhr. Seven, CC Liu (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly; LGBTweekly.com

THAILAND - A Thai Buddhist monk who is gay and a former cross-dresser [a third gender kathoey] has gone on public television to say there is nothing wrong with gay people becoming Buddhist monks, causing much controversy in Thailand where [Theravada] Buddhism is the primary religion and has special status, reports GayAsiaNews.com.

“I am who I am, and I’m not going to pretend just to fit in,”  Ven. Tanaisawan George Chandhadhammo, 28, told Woody Talk, a popular MCOT talk show. “Gay people can make good monks too,” he said.
 
"I am who I am" [deal with it, fellow monastics]
His interview had led Thai censors to stop the segment of the popular Thai television talk show from being aired. The interview was not broadcast last month. However, it was finally allowed to air on TV recently, announced bangkok.coconuts.co.
 

The popular MCOT talk show host, Woody Milintachinda (shown above being splashed with pink liquid), revealed on Facebook that they had to postpone its “Gay Monk” interview segment because censors had objected:
 
“Apologies to our audience. Woody Talk has to postpone the broadcast of the ‘Gay Monk’ interview because the Censorship Committee is evaluating its appropriateness. The tape contains some hot issues!” the post says.
 
With 44,000 views, the episode’s teaser provided a few quotes from the young monk [likely NOT a "monk" but only a "novice," who would be restricted by far fewer rules than a fully-ordained Buddhist bhikkhu, as Monastic Disciplinary Code rules do not allow kathoeys or "pandakas" to be fully ordained], who discusses trying to be a gay monastic.
The crux of the interview was whether it is appropriate for a man who is openly gay and has strong faith in Buddhism can choose to become a monk.
 
Ven. Chandhadhammo or George used to be a medical student and dressed like a woman publicly. [Kathoeys or "Lady-Boys" are a common feature of Thai society, who are often flamboyant sex workers/prostitutes or authentic "beauty queens" with entire pageants dedicated to them with parental participation and pride as well as mainstream media coverage.]
 
Now he practices Buddhism at Vivegvanaram Monastery in Hat Yai, Songkhla province, southern Thailand.
  • Hat Yai Nai Temple (Wat) is home to the third largest reclining Buddha statue on the planet, an impressive sight that leaves one in awe. People travel from all over Thailand to pay respect to this statue. After the three-month monastic Rains Retreat ends, a big Buddhist festival specific to Southern Thailand called Chak Phra takes place with large floats or "Buddha boat" processions, sports events like a run up Khao Tang Kuan hill, and more extreme events. One of the most extreme festivals in the world is also in the south celebrated among Thai Chinese called the Vegetarian Festival or Nine Emperor [Space] Gods Festival where young pen pierce themselves with bloody swords and hooks in a great S&M-like display magically with no pain. During the Chinese Lunar Festival (as the south has a large Chinese population as well as a significant Muslim population influenced by neighboring Islamic Malaysia), the Thai and Chinese present their offerings to the Moon (Luna, Chandra) or Queen of the Heavens in gratitude for past and future fortunes.
Known for his sharp religious homilies Ven. George is loved and revered by locals in the area. Religion is a very sensitive issue that the Thai media rarely touches and the public outing of Ven. George’s sexual orientation is probably a first for public television.
  • [The issue is so controversial and potentially damaging to Thai monasticism that it could lead others to drop out or prevent some from joining as it would tarnish the venerable reputation of the institution -- in spite of the fact that insiders may have been aware of such monks in the past within the Sangha in the past. Thailand, like Rome and other Catholic countries, considers this its religion, so young men are expected to ordain to benefit their families. With such external motivations, it is no surprise to anyone that monastics fail to let go of sensuality, money, power, fame, and political influence; instead, they become powerful and often corrupt figures. But because there are some sincere practitioners, saints and ascetics, Thais give reverence and generous support to everyone in Buddhist robes. Kathoey members, far from being "liberal progress" in our Western eyes likely tarnishes the reputation of the institution doing more harm than good. There are many things that prevent one from full admission into the monastic Sangha, sexual orientation being only one. Someone with a skin condition or debt could not get in, in accordance with guidelines laid down by the Buddha.]
Mongkut was the King of Siam in Rogers and Hammerstein's "The King and I"
 
More than 95 percent of Thailand’s 67 million people are Theravada Buddhists. And although Thailand is a constitutional monarchy [with a beloved monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), 86, who is the longest reigning monarch in the world, an institution which gave rise to the American musical "The King and I" about a royal (Mongkut not Yul Brynner) who was himself a Buddhist monk or novice prior to ascending to the throne], it has a strong Southeast Asian tradition of Buddhist kingship that ties the legitimacy of the state to its protection and support for Buddhism.
 
Buddhist institutions and clergy are guaranteed special benefits by the government.

Wednesday, April 16, 2014

India recognizes a "third gender" (pandaka)

Ashley Wells, Irma Quintero, Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly
People from the Puritan US to Putin's Russia may dislike gays, but the question is, Do they have rights? Do we not all as sentient beings, at least as human beings, have equal rights?
"Homophobia can kill you," says Discovery (news.discovery.com). So be pro-gay or neutral.
  
Hijras mourn in India (wiki)
The Supreme Court of India recognized a legal third gender for hijra and transgender individuals (Buddhist pandakas).

What are or were pandakas in the Buddha's day? "People of non-normative sexual natures, perhaps originally denoting a deficiency in male sexual capacity," according to Peter A. Jackson ("Non-normative Sex/Gender Categories in the Theravada Buddhist Scriptures," Australian Humanities Review, April 1996).
 
Buddhism, Sex, and Gender
The best account, and one of the very few, we have ever come across concerning Buddhism and homosexuality, which is the frame for discussions of pandakas, is an academic collection of essays edited by Jose Ignacio Cabezon: Buddhism, Sexuality and Gender. Of particular interest is the contribution of Prof. Donald S. Lopez.

Buddhaghosa, apparently, put together a clinical description of pandakas -- often offensively and misleadingly translated as "eunuchs" when they are in fact non-normative individuals. Ancient sketches of transgender and cross-dressing individuals had many disparate presumptions about their character, habits, and proclivities as well as the karmic source of their condition. It cannot be asked, "What was the traditional view of homosexuality in Buddhism, Jainism, and Brahmanism?" without reference to pandakas because they were not distinguished from "perverts" and third-gender-rebels.
Ancient India with Afghanistan (Gandhara, Kamboja) and Pakistan at upper left, Burma and Thailand at lower right, Nepal and Tibet at the center top, and famous Buddhist sites on the plains of the Ganges river (wiki).
 
Sex in the Pali Canon
Gender of devas is fluid in Indian iconography
The Pali canon -- a ancient collection of sutras and other sacred Buddhist texts including the disciplinary code (Vinaya) and commentaries -- contains numerous references to homoerotic behavior and to individuals who today would [today] be variously identified as hermaphrodites, transvestites, transsexuals, and homosexuals.

However, none of the sex/gender categories named in the canon precisely matches any of these contemporary notions. But it combines instead elements of these diverse physiological, gender, and sexual conditions in distinctive formulations. 

Dharmic renunciates say no to pandakas.
Most Buddhist canonical accounts of non-normative gender and sexuality are found in the Vinaya, the monastic code of conduct, and they are listed among the many explicitly described forms of sexual activity proscribed and forbidden for monks and nuns (bhikkhus and bhikkhunis).

In analyzing Theravada Buddhist accounts of sex and gender, it is vital to keep in mind that the tradition began as a Monastic Sangha, an order of celibate male and female renunciates, and that the Vinaya is a monastic not a layperson's code of conduct. 

Scriptural accounts of non-normative sex and gender also need to be understood in the context of the tradition's general disdain of sexuality and its distrust of sensual indulgences.

Buddhist Thailand's third gender is the kathoey
Nevertheless, according to Jackson, what makes accounts of sex and gender in these ancient Indian texts especially fascinating is their contemporary relevance in Thailand, which together with Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia forms part of the Asian cultural sphere in which Theravada Buddhism remains a vital cultural institution. More

Growing up in India, I never met openly gay...
Deepak Singh never met an openly gay person when he was growing up in India. That, of course, has changed in the years since, with people of many different sexual orientations coming into his life. But the news out of India's Supreme Court decision makes his heart grieve. [That was last year.]

Supreme Courts rights traditional wrong (NPR)
Singh should be happy today (4-16-14) because India's Supreme Court has just legally declared a third gender (hijra) that gives rights to its LGBTQ community (lesbian, gay, bi, trans, and questioning). The third gender is neither males who want to be females nor females eager to become males. Nor are they regarded as sufficiently "male" by each other or the larger community. There really is a third gender, and it is now enshrined in law...at least in India. In India, Supreme Court hands down landmark ruling recognizing transgender citizens.
 
Hancock just returned from seeing the wonders of India