Wisdom Quarterly editors
The "dark" side of Theravada first came to light for us in reading Tim Ward's
What the Buddha Never Taught. The problem then was the behavior of Buddhist "novices" (monks-in-training) in Thailand, which is a cultural custom to ordain before being considered ready for marriage in the wildly popular and largely Theravada Buddhist country.
Ward reports that as a samanera (white clad follower of eight or ten precepts), one Westerner had reported that a novice pleasured himself while staring over this sleeping person. We were shocked and mortified that such a thing could happen or be allowed to happen, but this is not the act of a male intending to be a monk until enlightenment or for the rest of his life. These hormonal boys are sent to the monastery for "temporary ordination" as young as 7 and may stay a few days or one rainy season (Rains Retreat). That's how it could happen.
Now, imagine the horror that men (20 and older) who take monastic vows live as wolves among the faithful givers of alms, taking advantage of the generosity of Buddhist supporters but having no aim of enlightenment or even keeping the monastic precepts recited in the patimokkha. That is a shame and a pity and directly the fault of a monastic sangha ("spiritual community") that does not enforce the rules or disciplinary procedures the historical Buddha laid down for the long life of the sangha and the Dhamma (the Teaching that leads to enlightenment in this very life).
The larger problem nowadays is even worse than that and is the real source of widespread corruption, homosexuality, crime, and hypocrisy in the sanghas of the Theravada countries. And that is that so few males want to enter the monastic life for genuine and sincere reasons that these societies have found workarounds: send in males who have no interest in practice but who need support and are willing to at least pretend to be well-behaved monks, teachers, and examples to the rest of society.
This problem has also appeared in Catholic countries all over the world, with overwhelming corruption, sinfulness, and public disaffection. It may be worse in Catholicism, which used to allow its priests to get married until the Vatican found it far more PROFITABLE to ban clergy marriages, which were directing donations to the children of clergy members as inheritance. When the practice of clergy marrying was BANNED, priests just broke the new rule the way they had always been breaking the rule against chastity (avowed celibacy), doing it in secret with child victims, fellow homosexuals, or visiting housewives. It has been more or less an open secret for centuries. So "secret" is it that corruption and homosexuality among cardinals and bishops -- who are priests with more responsibilities -- sets the example for younger "seminarians," which is what s*men-loaded cadets at the Catholic training schools call themselves and what they are called by other fellow gay-active trainees.
A wonderful book exposing the wholesale policy, not aberration, of these practices was published in Italian and has been translated into English. South Park mocked it in a wonderful episode about a good priest from the town going to Rome and finding out it's the norm. It's like that saying about police officers. "Nine out of ten officers make the other one look bad." In other words, the majority of hypocrites make the precious few sincere ones look bad. And the few good ones give cover and respectability to the many wolves in sheep's clothing. But this is not about Catholic corruption, or corruption among Jews, Evangelical Protestants, Western Hare Krishna devotees, or anybody else. This is about the dark and disgusting side of Theravada monastics.
A recent bust of many Sri Lankan novices and monks bringing potent cannabis into Sri Lanka through the international airport has not yet been resolves. Were they simply duped into acting as "mules" (carrying the pot in secret trap doors in their suitcases to benefit the donor who sent them on holiday to Thailand to pick up the massive shipment), or were they in on it and partaking of the intoxicant?
The solution is clear but not simple. The
sangha as a united body needs to reinstitute the existing procedures on the books for expelling "defeated" monks and wayward "ascetics" for the good of
the Buddha's dispensation (
Śāsana) and the long life of the uncorrupted
Dhamma (Dharma) in the world. It is not so important that one man falls due to greed, hatred/fear, or delusion and becomes a hypocrite, one taking advantage of a monastic career. What is important is that such hypocrites end up taking the whole
sangha and eventually the whole
Dhamma (Buddhist Teaching) in the world.
The Monastic Disciplinary Rules exist in the
Vinaya Pitaka, which is one of three massive collections of works on the three distinct divisions of the Pali canon (conventional sutras, monastic discipline, and the Doctrine in ultimate terms:
Suttas, Vinaya, Abhidhamma).
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| There is still time to be upstanding. |
There comes a time... the Yellow-Necks, "monks" who do not live by the rules but who at least study and learn the Dhamma without much putting it into practice. Are we arrived at that time?- “In future times, Ānanda, there will be members of this clan who are ‘yellow-necks,’ immoral, of evil character. People will give gifts to those immoral persons for the sake of the Sangha. Even then, I say, an offering made to the Sangha is incalculable, immeasurable. And I say that in no way is a gift to a person individually ever more fruitful than an offering made to the Sangha [as a whole]” (Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅga Sutta, MN 142) dhammawheel.com
- The disparaging term "yellow-necks" comes from, in the future, those defeated (parajika) "monks" wearing not full robes but a yellow, orange, red, or saffron scrap of a robe around their neck or wrist to signify their status as members of the sangha.
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The monastic rules have also been translated into English by the American monk in the Thai Forest Tradition
Thanissaro Bhikkhu, an abbot near San Diego, California (
watmetta.org).
Ven. Thanissaro is a cantankerous old monk whom, we were told in Thailand, was driven out of Thailand and back to America due to monastic politics. It seems he served his ailing teacher, who might have left him, a
farang ("foreigner"), in charge, but the local Thai monks waiting their turn to ascend in the monastery weren't going to stand for that. This may have made him bitter, but he has suffered from malaria for so long that it is difficult to discern the roots eating at this prodigious but hopelessly idiosyncratic translator of Thai and Pali. But his voice is nice, like a pilot for the big airlines, and people not in the know seem to like his warped take on things. We recommend Bhikkhu Bodhi for classic, well-rounded, and well-supported translations. Tan Jeff is nice enough to explain himself sometimes, but he is sorely lacking in providing the Pali term he is aberrantly translating into his own misleading glossary of terms. Please do better, sir, but thank you for all your work. We have known young men who tried to be monastics at Wat Metta who, finding the abbot insufferable, have left to better pastures, usually the idyllic
Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery.
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