Showing posts with label factors of enlightenment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label factors of enlightenment. Show all posts

Thursday, February 5, 2026

Zoom: Poet Mandy Kahn's Peace Class


WHAT HAPPENED?
The meditative music was soothing and immediately set a calming and peaceful tone. Mandy held a mudra of welcome, honoring Zoom participants. She not only spoke of peace but embodied it with a guided meditation/visualization. The format is ever-evolving. It's free. It's weekly. And space is open to come and investigate next Wednesday, Feb. 11, 2026, at 6:00 pm.

Peace Class
What's peace? Passaddhi (serene inner peace)
Friends in Peace, during this time of war, we are inspired by Aloka and the Buddhist Monks' Peace Walk. How can we bring that inner peace into our hearts, minds, and expression?

Peace activist Mandy Kahn's Peace Class (from the Philosophical Research Society in Hollywood, LA) resumes tonight for 2026.

Mandy and Seven found peace in Los Angeles.
Feel free to share link with friends. All are welcome at Peace Class (prs.org).

To join us, simply click on this Zoom link at the start time: Wednesday, 6:00 pm (PT). 
What is "peace" and who cares?
What goddess could make peace?
Peace (passaddhi) is one of the Seven Factors of Enlightenment (one component of the larger Seven Requisites of Enlightenment) the historical Buddha pointed out as the Path-of-Practice (that brings one to calm and insight) to Awaken.

So it holds a very honored place in the Dharma and in American life, at least in the Sixties (because of the Peace Movement and the Hippies) and earlier due to the influence of the timeless Quakers, Transcendentalists, Christian Gnostics, and Catholic monastics, particularly the Franciscans and Carmelites.

I like chanting the Buddha's actual words
In a language spoken by the Buddha (Pali), "peace" (passaddhi) is a noun (Sanskrit prasrabhi, Tibetan ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་, shin tu sbyang ba) variously translated as "serenity," "calmness," "tranquility," "repose" [1]. The verb is passambhati ([rest], calm, quiet) [2].

In Buddhism, peace refers to tranquility of body, speech, and mind (thoughts and consciousness) on the path to enlightenment. As part of the seven mental factors to be cultivated, peace is preceded by rapture (pīti, bliss, joy, supersensual pleasure) and precedes stillness (samādhi, focus, concentration). More
Inner Peace, World Peace
Publisher, Inner Peace, World Peace: Essays on Buddhism and Nonviolence
Mandy Kahn hosts monthly poetry readings in Manly P. Hall's Library of World Religions (PRS)
.
Inner Peace, World Peace
What can one person do to foster world peace? How does one person's state of mind [heart] affect the state of the world? How can the ideal of nonviolence be manifested in daily life?

Buddhists have been exploring questions like these for 25 centuries, and they are still timely today. Inner Peace, World Peace is the first work in any Western language to examine the Buddhist approach to nonviolence.

Warriors for Peace? Buddhist Peace Walk
Well-known Buddhist scholars, a noted authority on nonviolent struggle, a prominent Thai Theravada Buddhist activist, and other leaders in their fields collaborate to show the contemporary relevance of the Buddhist tradition.

The authors also discuss a new international movement known as "Socially Engaged Buddhism."
Holy Doors: Poems by Mandy Kahn
I love the way Mandy Kahn makes poetry that elevates the ordinary to the sublime (DBM).
 
Holy Doors (Hat & Beard Press)
Mandy Kahn’s third collection of poems is a lyrical, luminous, and highly spiritual journey that explores:
It is also a record of what life is like as our spiritual nature begins to live more fully within the body. Each of Kahn’s poems begins with earnest inquiry and ends with an ecstatic moment of communion with the part of the self that is connected to all things. Holy Doors: Poems by Mandy Kahn

Tuesday, November 25, 2025

The Path to Enlightenment (in brief)


Buddhism (the Dhamma) reached ancient Greece
Continued: Siddhartha had previously turned his back on fundamental "meditation" (lit., jhana/dhyana, the pleasant meditative absorptions that unite the mind in a highly coherent state called samadhi), thinking instead that the path must be one of penance, suffering, striving, austerities (tapas [blaming the body as if it were in control of the mind]), self-torture, self-abnegation, and manly (virile) effort (viriya) when it is really the Middle Way that avoids both extremes of hedonism and self-torture. (There is such a thing as "sane asceticism" undertaken with a competent monastic).

He one day realized that he had been avoiding the bliss and pleasure (piti) of absorption as if it were like sensual pleasure. Realizing that it is utterly unconnected to the ordinary pleasures of the senses, he allowed himself to pursue these eight super states (the four material and four immaterial absorptions). This provided the temporary purity of mind/heart necessary for breaking through and realizing the ultimate truth of mentality and materiality, of mind and body.
  • The Heart Sutra is about the anatta of khandha
    The five phenomena (form; feeling, perceptions, mental formations, consciousness) are referred to as the Five Aggregates clung to as self throughout the Buddhist sutras and commentaries of the Pali canon and are the focus of the world-famous Heart Sutra, the favorite Mahayana Buddhist text nearly no chanter of the Sanskrit seems aware of.
What we take to be real is an illusion, whereas what is in fact verifiably real is at a more basic level of reality. What we have been calling "mind" all along breaks down to feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. Cittas or "mind moments" are the ultimate constituents of these impersonal processes. And what we have been calling "body" is not "me" or "mine" but ultimate matter (the Four Elements or qualities and characteristics of particles called kalapas).
  • It is completely mistaken to assume that the Buddha's use of the term "Four Elements" has anything to do with the ancient Greek or classical Indian understanding. There are not four "things" in matter. Instead, there are four categories of characteristics/processes or potentialities of matter: fluidity, density, support, temperature... for a total of 12 traits or states of material phenomena.
  • This is a practical, tangible, realizable reality (Four Elements Meditation by Pa Auk Sayadaw) not a theory of particle physics. This is about name-and-form (nama-rupa) not Western science. It is personally verifiable here and now. It is not going to win anyone a Nobel Prize in theoretical physic or microbiology. It is a PRACTICE of clear-seeing (vipassana), not a theory or paradigm to be argued about so that one becomes entangled in a thicket of views.
When one sees this directly, the mind/heart let's go, and one is freed. Free from what? Free from delusion, free from ignorance about these things, free from identity and personalization, free from suffering (pain, disappointment, unfulfillment, distress). So every five-minute version of the life of the Buddha should include these eleven elements:
  1. Raised in privilege and comfort
  2. Feels lack (unhappy, unfulfilled)
  3. Renounces position, power, privilege
  4. Sets off on spiritual quest for ultimate truth
  5. Learns meditation (jhana practice) and yoga (restraints, practices, pacification of mind and body)
  6. Avoids the tempting extremes of penance and sensual pleasures
  7. Gains stillness (samadhi) through the absorptions
  8. Emerges from jhana and takes up fourfold mindfulness (of body, feeling, mind, and mind-objects)
  9. Practices Dependent Origination
  10. Awakens to the ultimate truth that all things are impermanent, unsatisfactory, and impersonal
  11. Letting go (real renunciation takes places) and light dawns, knowledge-and-vision arise.

Wednesday, January 22, 2025

(Inner) Peace Class weekly on Zoom


Friends, Peace Class meets every Wednesday night on Zoom and starts at 6:00 pm (Pacific Time). Join a Zoom meeting. Share link with friends. All are welcome at Peace Class. The most recent peace talk was delivered at last week's class:
 
Inner peace and World Peace
I was thinking, Where does peace begin?
Inner peace is World Peace that one person experiences first before the world feels it.
 
Inner peace is World Peace happening locally, radiating globally.
 
Inner peace is World Peace that one person has just grown in the garden of oneself.
 
Inner peace is World Peace. We call peace “World Peace” when enough people are experiencing individual peace and flowing it into the collective consciousness so that the peace experience becomes the common experience in society. But before profound peace is the most common experience, it's a notable if unusual individual experience. We call this “inner peace” because we are not yet in a world where profound peace permeates everyone's experience all the time. We can see the contrast between the inner peace we are feeling and the lack of peace that many others are feeling. For now, inner peace is still an unusual experience. It is not yet World Peace.
 
It is “still” this way because experienced peace will be the baseline experience for all beings eventually. But for those of us who were born in the Era of Belligerence, an experience of inner peace will most likely be something we must cultivate — something we move into and out of over the course of a day, week, or year.
 
When many (consider the 100th monkey theory) have brought forth their own peacefulness, collective peace will begin to manifest. First it will be experienced by small pockets of humanity. Then it will spread out into the surrounding areas.
 
Imagine being in a swimming pool and adding a drop of food coloring. The water will reflect that new color most strongly where the coloring was first placed, but eventually it will be incorporated more widely. It cannot help but spread. It will first make itself powerfully apparent locally.
 
Peace works this way.
 
One person in an experience of peace sends the flow of that peace into the collective consciousness, and it enters the collective at the precise point where that person is situated. One's peace begins a collective consciousness of peace, first locally then more widely. It can be felt most potently locally, where it is most concentrated.
 
World Peace begins as inner peace experienced by one person, two people interacting, or a group directly impacting one another. It eventually spreads into the collective, which is a term for all of their indirect contacts or all the people we impact without being aware of it.
 
World Peace is a result, not a cause; it comes last. Inner peace is a cause of World Peace and a result of it just as a stone cascading makes a sound that keeps reverberating every time it newly impacts a surface.
 
Eventually, experienced peace is the standard, the common experience. Then individuals are able to build on that standard, that foundation of peace. When there is standard peace, what will we see? Flowing creativity. Self-actualization. Self-exploration. New collaborations. New forms of art. New inventions — acts of genius. That's what's waiting for us when we arrive at World Peace.


We think of World Peace as the end of war. But in that state of generalized inner peace, war will not begin. Generalized peace will look like the absence of war to those who lived before during the Era of Belligerence. But for those who were born in the Age of Peace, it will look like flowing creativity, inventiveness, collaboration, artmaking, inspiration, and flowing ideas. It won't look like the end of war because war will sound so odd — such a strange thing for anyone to choose — that war will simply seem like a historical curiosity, the way we now think of outdated medical practices such as bloodletting. We look back at bloodletting and think, Why would one think becoming healthier is achieved by purposely losing blood? What a strange thing to do! What a strange way to treat one's body. Why would anyone ever do that? We look at bloodletting as a historical curiosity — as a marker of how things were at a peculiar moment in history, a time when humans were doing the best they could but were living in confusion that led to certain aberrations we now see clearly and would never choose today. That's how war will appear to us. We will look at it as a marker of a particularly strange time in human history.

From a peaceful mindset, we will not judge ourselves, or previous humans, for what they did not yet understand; we will have compassion for ourselves and for others. Knowing more, we will not again choose that which does not serve us.
 
War is a marker of a time in our development. It is an indicator of where we are in our evolution. The lower mind wants to know the answer to this question: Is war bad or good? The higher mind is so loving, so peaceful, that it does not judge. It simply says, War indicates that a society is very early in its development. We will know that we have evolved, we will know that we carry more peace, when we do not choose war — when we find that we, as individuals, simply would never choose to harm another person.
 
We will know that we have evolved when we look at the practice of harming another and find it puzzling. We will think, Why would anyone ever do that? It simply won't make sense. We will think, I'd never choose to hurt someone; I respect everyone here too much. I wouldn't chop down my own beloved house; I wouldn't throw away a cherished gift. And I wouldn't harm anyone, as everyone brings something valuable to the collective; everyone bears a gift, and therefore everyone is a gift.
 
We look at a loving world, a world where there are no skirmishes between individuals, a world where there is no violence, and we call what we see “World Peace” — and to us that means The End of All War. But it won't feel like the Age of No War, except to those who began their lives in the Era of Belligerence. It will feel like the Age of Inspiration, the Age of Creativity, the Age of Invention, the Age of Innovation. It will be the Age of Feeling Just Right, the Age of So Much to Get Out of Bed to Experience. It will be the Age of What Can I Build Next.
 
When we are in the Age of Peace, we will see it for what it is, not for what it isn't — not the contrast to what came before.
 
Only by living in peace will we truly understand its nature.
 
We do not call our time the Age of No Bloodletting. We don't notice what isn't there so much as we notice what is here. That's how we'll feel in the Age of Peace. We'll notice how good it feels to express ourselves, to be creative, to be full of innovative ideas. We'll notice how good our own kindness feels whether expressed towards ourselves or others. And the idea of not feeling these things will seem strange to us. We will think, What would possess anyone to treat another cruelly when expressing kindness feels so good and cruelty feels so terrible? Why would anyone choose to act in a way that feels terrible? What a strange way to live!
 
Those who feel called to build inner peace even as they are living in the Era of Belligerence are getting a preview of coming attractions. They're getting a taste of what will one day be the standard. But they're also seeding a world where one doesn't need to cultivate inner peace because it has become the standard. One only needs to choose what to focus into existence by way of one's already peaceful, already connected self. For that reason, the Age of Peace will also be the Age of Choice; all will have the freedom to concentrate on what they enjoy doing rather than spending their primary energy creating safety for themselves and making sure their basic needs are met.
 
Some of us in the Era of Belligerence already carry the perspective that will be common in the Age of Peace. Such people might look around at their society and think, How do I get out of here?
 
One “gets out of here” by building a future from where one is moving in the present.
 
One builds the Age of Peace by building inner peace. One builds peace for oneself in whatever increments one can and is grateful for whatever slivers of peace one can experience. One lingers in appreciation of peace whenever it arrives. One revels in the feeling of peace and thinks about what one loves about peace and speaks of the joys of peace and does what brings one more peace. That's how one builds the Age of Peace before it is here. This is how one gifts the Age of Peace to everyone.

Where do I begin?
Peace Class every Wednesday at 6:00 pm PDT
Sign up for this mailing list: mandykahn.com. Zoom link to join Peace Class: us02web.zoom.us/j/844396... (changes weekly). To get the latest link, sign up for mailing list.

To convert our 6:00 pm PDT meeting time to any other time zone, see: dateful.com/time-zone-converter.

To learn more about Peace Class and to sign up for future classes: eventbrite.com/e/peace-class-with-mandy-kahn....

If only Buddhism had anything to contribute to a discussion about peace
How can we cultivate inner peace?
Passaddhi
, in the Buddha's language, the ancient lingua franca of Pali, is a noun (Brahminical Sanskrit prasrabhi, Tibetan ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་, Wylie shin tu sbyang ba) that has been translated as "calmness," "tranquility," "repose," and "serenity" [1]. It is inner peace.

The associated verb is passambhati (to calm down, to quieten) [2]. In Buddhism, passaddhi refers to tranquility of body, speech, and mind (thoughts, consciousness on the path to enlightenment).

As part of the cultivatable mental factors, passaddhi is preceded by "rapture" or "joy" or "bliss" (pīti) and precedes profound stillness (samādhi).

Passaddhi is identified as a wholesome factor in the following canonical contexts:
Pali canon references
In various Buddhist canonical schema, the calming of the body, speech, and various mental factors is associated with gladness (pāmojja, pāmujja), rapture (pīti), and pleasure or happiness (sukhaṃ) and leads to the stillness (and effortless concentration) needed for release from pain and suffering (dukkha). More

Wednesday, June 5, 2024

Reflection and Meditation as Powers

We ask to understand. We sit still to know things directly and awaken (DBM/InsightLA).
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The "power of reflection" (patisankhāna-bala) or contemplation is one thing, and the "power of mental development" (bhāvanā-bala) or cultivation is another. About these two powers (bala) it is said in A. II, 10:

It's time to reflect: What have I done?
"What, O meditators, is the power of reflection? O meditators, if someone thinks, 'Unskillful conduct in deeds, words, and thoughts really bears unwelcome fruits both in this life as well as in the life to come' and, as a result of this consideration, one abandons unskillful conduct in deeds, words, and thoughts, follows a skillful course of conduct, and keeps one's heart/mind pure, this, O meditators, is the power of reflection.

Now it is time for stillness, body breathing
"What, O meditators, is the power of mental development (meditation, mental cultivation)? O meditators, if a meditator develops the [Seven] Factors of Enlightenment (bojjhanga), bent on seclusion, on letting go, on cessation, culminating in liberation [following awakening, enlightenment], namely:
  1. mindfulness,
  2. investigation,
  3. energy,
  4. rapture,
  5. tranquility,
  6. stillness, and
  7. equanimity,
this, O meditators, is the power of mental development."

Friday, February 16, 2024

'7' and the Seven Factors of Enlightenment

Dhr. Seven, Amber Larson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly Wiki edit; ReligionForBreakfast, 2/8/24

Is anything more wonderful than enlightenment?
In Buddhism, the Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Pali satta bojjhaṅgā or satta sambojjhaṅgā, Sanskrit sapta bodhyanga) are:
  1. Mindfulness (Pali sati, Sanskrit smṛti) to maintain unbiased, undistorted, unembellished awareness of reality (dhammas, "phenomena," "things") just as it is, in particular the Teachings (the Dhamma).
  2. Investigation of the true nature of reality (Pali dhamma vicaya, Sanskrit dharmapravicaya)
  3. Energy (Pali viriya, Sanskrit vīrya) also effort, determination
  4. Joy or rapture (Pali pīti, Sanskrit prīti)
  5. Calm or tranquility, relaxation, serenity (Pali passaddhi, Sanskrit prashrabdhi) of body and mind
  6. Stillness (samādhi) a calm, one-pointed state of mind [1], or "bringing the buried latencies or samskaras into full view" [2]
  7. Equanimity (Pali upekkhā, Sanskrit upekshā), which is unbiased looking on, accepting reality just as-it-is (yathā-bhuta) without clinging or aversion.
The Seven Factors of Enlightenment as a set is one of the "seven sets of thing" comprising the Thirty-Seven Requisites of Enlightenment (the bodhipakkhiyadhamma or "things pertaining to awakening").

The Pali Buddhist term bojjhanga is a compound of bodhi ("enlightenment" or "awakening") and anga ("limb" or "factor") [3]. More
Of course, the number seven comes up many more times than this in Buddhism. A person, having realized the first stage of enlightenment (a stream-enterer) has at most only seven more rebirths. Why? It's just that way by the cosmic order of things, the niyamas in Abhidharma terms.

"Why does the number 7 appear everywhere in religion?"

(ReligionForBreakfast) The number seven appears everywhere in the Bible...and a bunch of other religious traditions, too. Why is the number seven sacred?
  • 00:00 Why so many 7s?
  • 00:24 Near Eastern context
  • 5:03 Later development of Sacred 7
  • 5:59 Cross-cultural phenomenon?
  • 7:18 Origin theories
  • 10:46 Patreon
Support on Patreon: religionforbreakfast

BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Arvid Kapelrud, "The Number Seven in Ugaritic Texts," Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 18 (Oct 1968), 494-499.
  • Denise Flanders, "The Rhetorical Use of Numbers in the Deuteronomistic History," 2022.
  • Denise Flanders, "Saul has Killed His Thousands, David His Ten Thousand," dissertation, 2019.
  • James Pritchard (ed.), "Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament," Third Edition with Supplement, 1969.
  • R.A. Kraft, "Philo's Treatment of the Number Seven in On Creation," in "Exploring the Scripturesque, (2009), p. 217-236.
  • Botterweck et. al. (ed.), "Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament," Vol. 14. Laki, "On the Origin of the Sexagesimal System," Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 59, No 1/3 (Jan-March 1969).
  • Kazuo Muroi, "The Origin of the Mystical Number Seven in Mesopotamian Culture"
  • Adela Harbro Collins, "Cosmology and eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism," 1966.
  • Bendt Alster, "Early Dynastic Proverbs and other Contributions to the Study of Literary Texts from Abu Salabikh," Archiv für Orientforschunb (1991/1992), 1 - 51.
  • Leonid Zhmud, "From Number Symbolism to Arithmology," Zahlen- und Buchstabensysteme im Dienste religiöser Bildung.
  • L. Schimmelpfennig (ed.) Tübingen: Seraphim, 2019. P. 25-45.

Friday, September 22, 2023

Early Paths to Liberation (Bhikkhu Bodhi)


Models of the Path to Liberation in Early Buddhism in English [with accommodation] for Russian-speaking students of Buddhism by Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi:

Dharma Friends, all are welcome to join Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi on Sept. 23 for his upcoming monthly Dharma talk (in English) to Russian-speaking Buddhists.

The program runs from 9:30-11:20 am (US Eastern time) = 4:30- 6:20 pm (Moscow time). The talks are given in English, with a consecutive Russian translation.

Each session is organized as follows: Guided meditation (20 minutes) Dhamma talk (60 minutes) Questions & Answers (30 minutes).

Join through this link and password: ZOOM LINK Sept. 23, 2023: The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (selections from SN Chapter 46) -- Part 1 Passcode: Sambodhi

Meeting ID: 812 2960 9505 Passcode: Sambodhi
One tap mobile +16468769923,,81229609505#,,,,*26115386#
US (New York) +13126266799,,81229609505#,,,,*26115386#
US (Chicago) Dial by location +1 646 876 9923 US (New York) +1 312 626 6799 US (Chicago) +1 301 715 8592 US (Washington DC) +1 346 248 7799 US (Houston) +1 669 900 6833 US (San Jose) +1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma) Meeting ID: 812 2960 9505 Passcode: 26115386. Find local number: us02web.zoom.us/u/kIeabgixD.

With metta,

Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi
The Buddhist Association of the US
美國佛教會
2020 Route 301 Carmel, NY 10512
contact@baus.org

Thursday, May 25, 2023

Bhikkhu Bodhi: Paths to Liberation (6/24)

Bhikkhu Bodhi, Chaung Yen Monastery (BAUS.org); Dhr. Seven (ed.), Wisdom Quarterly

American scholar-monk Bhikkhu Bodhi
This year (2023) American scholar-monk Bhikkhu Bodhi resumes his monthly Dharma talks for speakers of Russian.

The new series [presented in English with Russian translation] is on the theme of “Models of the Path to Liberation in Early Buddhism.”

In the sutras we see that the Buddha presented the Dharma (Teachings) on the Path to Enlightenment in a variety of ways designed to meet the needs of his audience.

What did the historical Buddha teach?
Some models are more comprehensive and general, others narrower, intended for particular individuals.

In this series, Ven. Bodhi explores four comprehensive models of the path:
  1. the Noble Eightfold Path
  2. the sequential training of the monastic
  3. the Seven Factors of Enlightenment
  4. the Seven Stages of Purification.
Schedule
  • May 20: The Noble Eightfold Path (SN 45:8)
  • June 24: The Sequential Training–1 (MN 27)
  • July 22: The Sequential Training–2 (MN 27)
  • August 26: The Sequential Training–3 (MN 27)
  • September 23: The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (selections from SN Chapter 46)
  • October 21: The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (selections from SN Chapter 46)
  • November 18: The Seven Stages of Purification (MN 24)
  • December 30: The Seven Stages of Purification (MN 24)
The talks will be based on the discourses (sutras) of the Buddha. A file with the text material can be found HERE.

Bhante will present the talks in English, with alternating translation into Russian. Those who do not speak Russian are welcome to join.

There are Buddhists in Russia?
The talks are given online at 9:30 am ET (4:30 pm–6:20 pm Moscow time).

Those in other time zones who want to join should check for the corresponding time in their own zone at this site. To join the program and obtain the Zoom link, register here.
Those already registered for Bhante’s regular Saturday classes need not register again.