Showing posts with label brahmin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label brahmin. Show all posts

Monday, June 8, 2026

The Life of Sariputra, the wisest monk

(Buddhist Insights Journey) The entire Buddhist story of Sariputta (Buddhism documentary)

Friday, May 17, 2024

Kama Sutta: Toiling for pleasure (Snp 4.1)

You stupid bish, you and your pansy vegan boytoy don't know ish about farming! - OK, sir.
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We love Earth and avoidchemicalskilling a!
Kāma Sutta: This is the first sutra in the "Chapter of the Eights" (Atthakavagga) of the "Sutra Collection" (Sutta Nipāta).

The Buddha, seeing a Brahmin cutting down trees on the banks of the Aciravatī River and preparing a field for sowing, spoke to him.

He spoke to the Brahmin again on several other occasions whenever he saw the farmer engaged in various operations in the field.

Very uplifted by the Buddha's courtesy, the Brahmin resolved to invite him to accept a meal when the field was finally ready for harvest.

Who knew all my work could be ruined?
But on the day before the reaping of the field, heavy rains fell, the river flooded, and the harvest was entirely swept away.

The Buddha foresaw that all the Brahim's efforts would amount to nothing, so he visited to console him.

It was on this occasion that the Buddha saw that the man was receptive. With a chance to make a breakthrough, he taught him this sutra. At the climax of the discourse, the Brahmin awakened to the first stage of enlightenment (stream entry) and became a sotāpanna (Sn.vv.766-71; SnA.ii.511ff; J.iv.167f; cp. DhA.iii.284f; see also MNid.i.1ff).
  • Elsewhere among the texts, in the Kāmanīta Jātaka (J.ii.212), this Brahmin is referred to as Kāmanītabrāhmana or the "Brahmin Kamanita."
What did the Buddha teach the that brought him to direct realization and enlightenment?

SUTRA: Objects, Desires, and Pleasures
Thank you, Friend, for helping me pull the plough! - You're welcome! I'm strong and happy to help. Let's go down by the river now. I want to eat some sweet grass. - OK, let's go. We can swim, too!
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Are you going to release me now, Friend? - No,
you stupid animal, I'm a gonna kill and eat you!
If one with lustful mind
Succeeds at feeling pleasure,
Such a mortal is pleased
With that wish fulfilled.

But if the impassioned person
Were to see those pleasures lost,
Then the addict would feel
As though by arrows pierced.

One who shuns pleasures of sense
Avoids treading on a serpent’s head,
As such this person by mindfulness
This tangled world transcends.

Obsessed with property and fields,
With money, estates, and servants,
With many pleasures, family and friends —
That person, overcome by greed,

Such weaknesses indeed bring down.
By dangers is that person sunk,
By disappointments overwhelmed —
As water enters a boat that leaks.

So let a mindful person avoid
Addiction and cravings for sense,
And with them abandoned, cross the flood,
As a boat is bailed to reach the Further Shore.

SUTRA: Sensual Pleasures

If a mortal desires sensual pleasure
And that sense desire succeeds,
One may become elated,
Having got what was wished.

But for a person in throes of pleasure,
Aroused by desire,
If such pleasures go away,
It hurts like an arrow’s strike.

One who, being mindful,
Avoids sensual pleasures
Like side-stepping a snake’s head,
Transcends being stuck to the world.

There are many objects of sense:
fields, lands, and gold, cattle and horses,
slaves and servants, women and relatives.
When one lusts over these,

The weak overpower one
And by adversities is one crushed.
Suffering follows one
Like water in a leaky boat.
  • (Bhikkhu Bodhi, Norman, and Ven. Ñāṇadīpa all have “enter” here, while Ven. Ṭhānissaro has “invades.” But this is a stock line, and it’s hard to read anveti as anything other than “follows.” Niddesa (Mnd 1:70.2) has anveti anugacchati anvāyikaṁ hoti. The metaphor is not that water “enters” a boat, but that a leaky boat already contains water and takes it along (like a shadow that always follows or an ox-cart following behind, as in the opening verses of the Dhammapada). That is why it has to be bailed out in the next verse.)
That is why a person, ever mindful,
Wisely avoids sensual pleasures.
Give them up and cross this flood,
As a bailed-out boat reaches the further shore.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Seven Types of People in the World (sutra)

Udakupama Sutra: "The Water Simile" (AN 7.15), Ven. Thanissaro/Geoffrey DeGraff (orig. trans.); Dhr. Seven, Sayalay Aloka, Bhante (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly
Seven friends are like these seven special types (dreamstime.com)
 
The Buddha taught: "Meditators, there are seven types of individuals found existing in the world. What are these seven?

"In one case, an individual sinks down once and stays sunk. In a second case, an individual, on coming to the surface, sinks down again. In a third case, an individual, on coming to the surface, stays on the surface. In a fourth case, an individual, on coming to the surface, opens one's eyes and looks around. In a fifth case, an individual, on coming to the surface, heads across. In a sixth case, an individual, on coming to the surface, gains a foothold. In a seventh case, an individual, on coming to the surface, crosses over, reaches the further shore, stands on high ground, a Brahmin.

1. "And how does one sink down once and stay sunk? In this case an individual is endowed with exclusively dark, unskillful characteristics. That is how an individual sinks down once and stays sunk.
 
2. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, sink down again? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence ["faith"] in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom (insight) with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'

"But one's confidence neither persists nor grows; it simply wanes away. One conscientiousness, concern, persistence, wisdom neither persist nor grow; they simply wane away. That's how an individual, on coming to the surface, sinks down again.

3. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, stay there? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern [ottappa, concern over the results of karma/actions willed, carried out, and accrued] is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'

"One's confidence does not wane; instead, it develops and persists. One's conscientiousness, concern, persistence, wisdom do not wane; instead, they develop and persist. That is how an individual, on coming to the surface, stays on the surface.


4. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, open one's eyes and look around? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'
 
"With the eradication of [the first] three fetters [in the list of ten], one becomes a stream-winner [the first stage of enlightenment], steadfast, no longer liable to being reborn in any of the [four] woeful states, now destined for enlightenment. That is how an individual, on coming to the surface, opens one's eyes and looks around.

5. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, head across? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'

"With the total eradication of [the first] three fetters, and with the weakening of [the first three cankers] passion, aversion, and delusion [or greed, hatred, and ignorance], one becomes a once-returner,* who -- on returning [being reborn] only once more in this world -- will make an end of all suffering [i.e., gain full enlightenment and attain nirvana]. That is how an individual, on coming to the surface, heads across.
  • [*The various stages of enlightenment, listed as four distinct attainments (divided into four paths and four fruits) in most places, but actually consisting of seven stages, as explained in the Path to Freedom or Vimutti Magga, a commentarial text thought to have been written by Buddhaghosa as he composed his magnum opus the Path of Purification or Visuddhi Magga.]
6. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, gain a foothold? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'

"With the total eradication of the five lower fetters, one is due to be reborn [in the Pure Abodes], there to experience full enlightenment and nirvana, never again to return from that world. That is how an individual, on coming to the surface, gains a foothold.

7. "And how does one, on coming to the surface, cross over, reach the further shore [nirvana], stand on high ground, a Brahmin? In this case an individual comes to the surface, [seeing,] 'Confidence in skillful qualities is beneficial, conscientiousness is beneficial, concern is beneficial, persistence is beneficial, wisdom with regard to skillful qualities is beneficial.'

"With the eradication of the mental defilements, one enters and remains in the defilement-free liberation born of wisdom, having directly known and seen them for oneself here and now. That is how an individual, on coming to the surface, crosses over, reaches the further shore, stands on high ground, a Brahmin.

"These are the seven types of individuals found existing in the world."

Saturday, May 4, 2019

The new king of Buddhist Thailand (photos)

Associated Press (ap.org); Dhr. Seven, Seth Auberon, Pfc. Sandoval (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

King Rama X (Maha Vajiralongkorn) in a video still putting on heavy crown (AP).
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King officially crowned, boosting regal power
Phra Sivali, arhat monk
Thailand's King Maha Vajiralongkorn was officially crowned Saturday in an elaborate centuries-old royal tradition that last happened seven decades ago.

The coronation represents a renewal of the Thai monarchy's power after the October 2016 death of then Prince Vajiralongkorn's revered father, King Bhumibol Adulyadej. It also comes amid more than a decade of political strife, including a 2014 military coup and a contentious election less than two months ago.

The beloved former King Bhumibol (RIP)
) The 66-year-old King Vajiralongkorn has served as king for more than two years since he assumed the throne.

But on Saturday, he took the crown from the chief Brahmin, a Hindu priest who has played a guiding part in the mixed Buddhist-Hindu ceremony, during a televised ritual from the Grand Palace.
 
The 200-year-old, 16-pound (7.3-kg) heavy crown was handed to the king, now known as Rama X, as part of the third and final rite of the coronation ceremony, the presentation of royal regalia.
 
Everyone loved the former King Bhumibol
Earlier, the new king wore a simple white robe as he entered a small pavilion where he was briefly showered with water from several holy rivers and ponds and other sources.

Other water was poured on him from old royal water vessels. The rite, known as the Royal Purification Ceremony, took place amid music from drums, conch shells and other instruments. Outside the palace, artillery was fired in a salute to the monarch.

This sucks. I'd rather be a playboy again.
"This ceremony is significant to Thailand because the monarchy... is a very important institution of our country and is the soul of our nation," said Naowarat Buakluan, a 41-year-old civil servant.

"If you ask why the ceremony is being held this year when his majesty has already ascended the throne, it's because this is the right moment. Previously we Thais were mourning the loss of our beloved late king."

King Vajiralongkorn inherits a nation in political turmoil, with the powerful army entrenched in government for five years after staging a coup in 2014. More

Monday, February 5, 2018

Man offers his daughter to the Buddha (sutra)

Amber Larson, Dhr. Seven (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly based on original translation by Ven. Thanissaro, Magandiya Sutra (Sn 4.9); G. P. Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names

If you want "inner peace," Ivanka, then...
[In the Magandiya Sutra a man named Magandiya offers in marriage his extremely desirable daughter to the Buddha, who was a young and handsome ascetic. But he shows no interest. The man is shocked, so the Buddha declines his generous offer.]

The Buddha was very beautiful Central Asian.
Māgandiya is a Brahmin from the Kuru country with a very beautiful daughter named Māgandiyā. Many high status men sought her hand in marriage, but the Brahmin did not consider them worthy. One day the Buddha became aware that both Māgandiya and his wife were ready to become enlightened, so he paid their village a visit.

Māgandiya saw him and, noting the auspicious marks on his body, told him of his alluring daughter and begged him to wait until she could be brought.

Look at me, so beautiful! - No thanks.
The Buddha said nothing, and Māgandiya ran home and returned with his wife and daughter arrayed in all their splendors. On arriving, they found that the Buddha had gone, but his footprint was visible.

Māgandiya's wife, who was skilled in such matters, said that the owner of such a footprint was free from all passion (i.e., enlightened and liberated).

But Māgandiya paid no attention and, going on a little way, found the Buddha and offered him his daughter. The Buddha thereupon told them of his past life, his renunciation (letting go) of the world, his conquest of Māra the Tempter, and the unsuccessful attempts of Māra's three very beautiful daughters to lure him back to worldly cares.

Compared to them Māgandiya was, he said, a corpse filled with 32 impurities, an impure (asubha) vessel painted without that he would not even want to touch with his foot. At the end of the discourse, Māgandiya and his wife become enlightened to the third stage or anāgāmins (DhA.iii.193ff.; SNA.ii.542f.)

Compare this sutra to Dvy.515ff., where the name is given as Mākandika and he is called a parivrājaka. The daughter's name is given as Anūpamā, and the wife is Sākalī.
 
It is said that as a result they put their daughter into the charge of her uncle, Culla ["Minor"] Māgandiya, retired from the world, and became fully enlightened arhats (DhA.i.202).
THE CONVERSATION
Hey, you! Want my daughter? I have three.
[The Buddha:] On seeing [the alluring dancing daughters of Mara] -- Discontent, Craving, and Passion (Tanhā, Arati, and Ragā) -- there was not so much as the inkling of sexual desire.

So what would I want with this woman [your daughter], who is full of urine and excrement, both of which I would avoid touching even with my foot if I came across them on a road as I was walking.
 
Look at my beautiful daughters, Prince!
[Magandiya:] If you do not want this gem of a girl, who is coveted by many kings, then what sort of view, precept, practice, life, attainment of [further] becoming [rebirth] do you argue [propose, promote, advocate]?

[The Buddha:] The thought "I argue for this" does not occur to one when considering what is clung to among doctrines (dharmas). Looking to let go of views I saw and found inner peace.
 
I don't mind giving Daddy whatever he needs.
[Magandiya:] Sage, you speak without clinging to any preconceived judgments. This "inner peace," what does it mean? How is it proclaimed by an enlightened person?

[The Buddha:] One does not speak of purity in connection with view, learning, knowledge, precept, or practice. Nor is it found by a person through lack of view, learning, knowledge, precept, or practice.
  • [NOTE 1: The Pali language version of the first sentence puts the words for "view, learning, knowledge, precept, and practice" in the instrumental case, which stands for the relationship "by means of" or "because of." But it also has an idiomatic meaning, "in terms of." (To keep the translation neutral on this point, I have translated it using the idiom, "in connection with," which can carry both possibilities.) The second sentence puts the words for lack of view and so on in the ablative case, which carries the meaning "because of" or "from." If we assume that the instrumental case in the first sentence is meant in the sense of "by means of," then we are dealing -- as Magandiya asserts -- with plain nonsense: The first sentence would say that a person cannot achieve purity by means of views and so on, while the second sentence would be saying that one cannot achieve purity by means of no view and so on. The fact that the two sentences place the relevant terms in different grammatical cases, however, suggests that they are talking about two different kinds of relationships. If we take the instrumental in the first sentence in the sense of "in terms of," then the stanza not only makes sense but also fits in with teachings of the rest of the Pali language sutras: A person cannot be said to be "pure" simply because one holds to a particular view, body of learning, and so on. Purity is not defined in those terms. The second sentence goes on to say that a person does not arrive at purity from a lack of view and so on. Putting the two sentences together with the third, the message is this: One uses right views, learning, knowledge, precepts, and practices as a PATH, a means of arriving at purity. Once one arrives one lets go of the path (does not cling to what was so helpful), for the purity of inner peace, in its ultimate sense, is something transcending the means by which it was reached. In the stanza immediately following this one, it is obvious that Magandiya has not caught on to this distinction. For further illustrations of the role of Right View in taking one beyond all views, see AN 10.93, AN 10.96, and MN 24. (The analogy of the relay stage coaches in MN 24 actually seems more tailored to the issues raised by the Buddha's remarks in this discourse than it does to the question it addresses in that sutra). Ven. Thanissaro also references sections III/H and III/H/i of his book on the 37 Requisites of Enlightenment, The Wings to Awakening.]
Letting go of these, at peace, no longer grasping, independent [of all teachers and teachings to know what is path and not-path to complete freedom], one would not long for becoming [further rebirth].

[Magandiya:] If one does not speak of purity in connection with view, learning, knowledge, precept, or practice and yet it is not found by a person through lack of view, learning, knowledge, precept, or practice, it seems to me that this teaching is confused, for some assume a purity in terms of -- by means of -- a view.

[The Buddha:] Asking questions dependent on views, you are confused by what you have grasped [and clung to]. So you do not glimpse even the slightest notion [of what I am saying]. That is why you think it is confused.

Whoever reckons [construes, thinks in terms of] "equal," "superior," or "inferior," by that such a person would dispute, whereas to one unaffected by these three, "equal" and "superior," do not occur.

Of what would the Brahmin say "true" or "false," disputing with whom: he in whom "equal," "unequal" are not.

Having abandoned the home-bound life, living free from society, the sage in villages creates no clinging relationships. Free of sensual passions, free from yearning, one would not engage with people in quarrelsome debates.
  • [2: For explanation of this stanza, attributed to Ven. Maha Kaccana, see SN 22.3.]
Those things aloof from which one should go about in the world, the great one would not take them up and argue for them. As the lotus flower is unstained by the water or mud [it grows up in], so the sage, a proponent of peace, free of greed [lust, craving, clinging], is unstained by sensual craving and the world.

An attainer-of-wisdom is not measured or made proud by views or what is thought, for one is not fashioned from them.
  • [3: "Measured...made proud" are two meanings of the Pali word manameti.]
One would not be led by action.
  • [4: "Action" here can mean either karma in its general sense. That is to say, the attainer-of-wisdom has gone beyond creating karma [because fully enlightened beings no longer make karma that bears a karmic result; instead their actions are called kriya ("simple actions") no longer ripening in the future, all of which they are liberated from]. Or in a more restricted sense, it is "ritual action." According to Nd.I, it refers to the factor of "formation" or "fabrication" (sankhara) in the analysis of Dependent Origination. (See SN 12.2).]
Learning does not reach a conclusion in any entrenchments. For one dispassionate toward perception there are no ties. For one released by wisdom [enlightened, liberated], there are no more delusions.

Those who grasp at [and cling to] perceptions and views go about butting their heads in the world.
Blood moon blue moon 2018

Tuesday, January 9, 2018

Guide to Enlightenment (Part 2)

Dhr. Seven, Ananda M., Amber Larson (eds.) based Into the Stream: A Study Guide on the First Stage of Awakening by Ven. Thanissaro (Mr. Geoffrey DeGraff), accesstoinsight.org
What is meditation in practice? Allowing, noticing, feeling, accepting, observing, sensing...
  
Meditation is the way to get your goals.
(See Part 1) ...For one's practice to lead to enlightenment -- whether stream entry or arhatship -- one must develop reliable standards for answering these questions.

The Buddha offers some preliminary guidance on developing these standards in his instructions to the Brahmin teenager Kapadika Bharadvaja.

The Chunky Sutra
(Canki Sutta, MN 95)
[Kapadika Bharadvaja:] "To what extent is there an awakening to the truth? To what extent does one awaken to the truth? We ask Master Gautama about awakening to the truth."

[The Buddha:] "In one case, Bharadvaja, a Buddhist monastic lives in dependence on a certain village or town. Then a householder or child of a householder goes to that monastic to observe with regard to three mental characteristics:
  1. characteristics of greed (craving, grasping, clinging)
  2. characteristics of hatred (aversion, fear, antipathy)
  3. characteristics of delusion (wrong view, confusion, ignorance):
Yoga. It's not just about exercise anymore.
"'Are there in this venerable one any such characteristics of greed that, with mind overcome by these things, one might say "I know" while not knowing or say "I see" while not seeing, or that one might urge another to act in a way that is for his/her long-term harm and pain?'
 
"As one observes one comes to know, 'There are in this venerable one no such characteristics of greed... This venerable monastic's bodily and verbal conduct (behavior) are those of one free of greed. And the Dharma this person teaches is deep, hard to know/see, hard to realize, tranquil, sublime, beyond the scope of mere speculation, subtle, to-be-directly-experienced only by the wise. This Dharma cannot easily be taught by a person who is greedy.
 
I think I'm starting to see! Truth.
"'When observing that the Buddhist monastic is purified with regard to characteristics of greed, one next observes for characteristics of hatred... characteristics of delusion:

"'Are there in this venerable one any such characteristics of delusion that, with his mind overcome by these [three] thing, one might say "I know" while not knowing or say "I see" while not seeing, or that one might urge another to act in a way that was for his/her long-term harm and pain?'

"As one observes one comes to know, 'There are in this venerable one no such characteristics of hatred...delusion... This person's bodily and verbal conduct are those of one free of hatred...delusion. And the Dharma this monastic teaches is deep, hard to know/see, hard to realize, tranquil, sublime, beyond the scope of mere speculation, subtle, to-be-directly-experienced only by the wise. This Dharma cannot easily be taught by a person who is hateful...deluded.
 
"When observing that the monastic is purified with regard to characteristics of hatred...delusion, one is filled with confidence (verified faith, conviction, saddha) in that practitioner.
  • With the arising of confidence, one visits and grows close.
  • Growing close one lends ear.
  • Lending ear, one hears the Dharma.
  • Hearing the Dharma, one remembers it.
  • Remembering it, one penetrates the meaning of those teachings.
  • Penetrating the meaning, one agrees by contemplating those teachings.
  • There being an agreement through contemplating those teachings, zest (motivation, eagerness) arises.
  • With the arising of zest, one becomes willing.
  • Willing, one contemplates (weighs, compares).
  • Contemplating, one makes an exertion.
  • Exerting oneself, one both realizes the ultimate meaning of the truth with this body and sees by penetrating it with wisdom (discernment, insight, intuition).
"To this extent, Bharadvaja, there is an awakening to the truth. To this extent one awakens to the truth. I describe this as an awakening to the truth. But this is not yet the final attainment of the truth."
 
[Kapadika Bharadvaja:] "Yes, Master Gautama, to this extent there is an awakening to the truth. To this extent one awakens to the truth. We regard this as an awakening to the truth. But to what extent is there the final attainment of the truth? To what extent does one finally attain the truth? We ask Master Gautama about the final attainment of the truth."
 
[The Buddha:] "The cultivation, development, and pursuit of these very same characteristics -- to this extent, Bharadvaja, there is the final attainment of the truth. To this extent one finally attains the truth. I describe this as the final attainment of the truth."— (MN 95) More

Friday, December 22, 2017

What's a "shaman"? Defining shamanism

Matt Toussaint (shamanicevolution.org) edited and expanded by Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly

Shamanism is a worldwide spiritual impulse that arises spontaneously in some individuals.

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PictureWhat is a "shaman"? This is a tricky question, to be certain. While there are many facets and nuances that will not be addressed here, the following article provides a basic framework for understanding what shamanism is...
  • (Wisdom Quarterly) The Buddhist definition of a shaman is a "wandering ascetic," a shraman as distinct from a "temple priest" or Brahmin. When the Scythian/Sakyian Prince Siddhartha Gautama wanted to become a seeker or recluse or shaman it was because he was inspired by the sight of one.
    Young samanera studying text in Burma
  • Therefore, Buddhism did not invent the concept. There already existed in Central Asia (the area of the world from Northwest India up to North Asia, Ukraine, and Siberia) spiritual wanderers on quests of one kind or other, driven by spirit voices or other impulses, such as the quest for enlightenment (bodhi) and liberation (moksha). Vedic seers (rishis) and sadhvis/sadhus (holy persons), yogis and munis (ascetics, mendicants, sages). The Scythian Sage, Shakya-muni, is a popular title of the Buddha, who encouraged his monastic followers to adhere to a wandering lifestyle (Sramana Movement) and a forest tradition of meditation away from the maddening crowd.
Buddhist shaman, Yarchen Gar Monastery (F)
Because shamanism is based on experience and results, a clear definition will hold true regardless of beliefs.
 
This leaves room for multiple ways of understanding shamanism without any particular way being held as right or wrong.
 
Medicine men: often women
Shamanism is understood and experienced differently by different people and under different circumstances.
 
The common element is not the content of what is understood but the experience of the shamanism itself -- which makes it "authentic."

From that perspective, then, any attempt at a single definition is irrelevant. But there is value in bringing integrity and coherence to an understanding of shamanism, if only to operate with clarity and precision of definition.


Mexican shamans are curanderos ("healers") often confused with brujos ("witches")

DEFINITION
The common, classical definition runs: Shamanism is a system or practice of a practitioner, the shaman, who willfully changes her or his state of consciousness from normal to altered in order to enact something, communicate with something, or to perform some specific duty on the behalf of another person, community, or group.
 
Often this altered state of consciousness is framed as a movement from this world to the "spirit world." More