THERAVADABuddhism: Is this what the historical Buddha (Prince Siddhattha Gotama, "the Sage of the Sakas," the Shakyas, the Indo-Scythians) really taught? The Three Baskets (Ti-pitaka) of Suttas, Vinaya, and Abhidhamma (Discourses, Discipline, and Higher Doctrine). The Buddha did not speak Sanskrit, the exclusive liturgical language of Brahmin priests, but rather Magadhi (colloquial Pali, the lingua franca) and Prakrit. He certainly knew and understood Sanskrit, having been expert in it in past lives, a knower of the Three Vedas. The Pali canon is a collection of canonical texts preserved in the ancient Pali language the Buddha likely spoke.
The only reason Mahayana uses Sanskrit is because Brahmin (Brahminical Vedic Hindus) used it to whitewash Mahayana Buddhism into a kind of comprehensible form of Hinduism. The goal of Theravada, the "Teaching of the direct Elder enlightened disciples of the historical Buddha," is enlightenment here and now as soon as possible, whereas the goal of Mahayana is enlightenment never, only after an inexhaustible supply of living beings first attain it. When will that be? It will never be, alleviating the need for any Mahayana Buddhist to actually practice and bring what the Buddha taught about in one's own life. Imagining themselves supremely awakened buddhas of the future, there's never a need to do it now, the only time we actually ever have.
It's not Abby DOOM UH, as the lovely AI video narrator misspeaks, but rather Abby DAH MAH.
A guide through the dense analysis of reality
(Buddha's Wisdom) The Theravada Abhidhamma ("Higher Doctrine" or "Dharma in Ultimate Terms") explained | Buddhism's map of every thought (citta, "mind moment")
The Theravāda Abhidhamma tradition, also known as the Abhidhamma Method, refers to a scholastic systematization of Theravāda Buddhism's understanding of the Buddha's "Higher" (abhi-) "Teachings" (Dhamma).
They are the same Teachings, of course, but presented in ultimate rather than conventional terms.
The Abhidhamma in Practice
For example, in the sutras (discourses), rebirth might be mentioned and sound like reincarnation -- a person passing away from here and reappearing according to karma (past deeds) on another plane of existence, such as heaven or the animal world. However, the Abhidhamma explains in exacting detail how this happens, how there is no "self" (soul, atta), how an impersonal process of Dependent Origination rolls on in samsara bringing about results (phala, vipaka) in accordance with will actions (intentional deeds), and how all of this is impermanent, unsatisfactory/incapable of fulfilling, and utterly impersonal in spite of it seeming otherwise to the senses.
These teachings are traditionally believed to have been taught by the Buddha, though modern scholars date the texts of this collection, the Abhidhamma Piṭaka, to the 3rd century BCE [2, 3].
The Theravāda school traditionally sees itself as the vibhajja-vāda ("the teaching of analysis"), which reflects the analytical (vibhajjati) dissection method used by the Buddha and Early Buddhists to investigate the nature of the person and other phenomena [4].
Who studies this? - The Burmese
According to Bhikkhu Bodhi, a modern American Theravāda scholar-monk and prodigious translator, the Abhidhamma is "simultaneously a philosophy, a psychology and an ethics, all integrated into the framework of a program for liberation" [5].
There are different textual layers of Abhidhamma literature. The earliest Abhidhamma works are found in the Pali canon. Then there are exegetical commentarial works that were composed in Sri Lanka in the 5th century. There are also later sub-commentarial works composed in later historical periods. More
The Abhidhamma explained | Buddhism's map of every thought
(Buddha's Wisdom) Aug. 23, 2026: 🧠 WHAT HAPPENS IN OUR MINDS BEFORE WE EVEN KNOW IT? The Theravada Abhidhamma is Buddhism’s most detailed analysis of consciousness, karma, perception, and the moment-to-moment workings of the mind.
Let's explore how Theravāda Buddhism breaks experience down into citta, cetasika, bhavaṅga, javana, and the famous 17-moment cognitive process...while also asking a difficult historical question: Did the Buddha actually teach the Abhidhamma in the form we know today? Some say he never taught it at all.
🔍 DISCOVER:
How the Abhidhamma breaks a single sensory event into a sequence of distinct mental moments
Why one Buddhist tradition holds that this teaching was given to his biological mother in one of the many heavens, to an assembly of celestial devas from various worlds and planes, with no human present to hear it
What the Buddha meant when he defined kamma (karma) as "intention" (cetana) and why that definition changes everything downstream of it
Why javana, the seven “running” moments, plays such an important role in karma and moral action
Why the Sautrāntikas rejected the [Mahayana] Abhidharma treatises, and what the existence of a second, rival collection tells us about where this material came from
How a thousand-year-old analysis of repetition and disposition arrived at something we would now call habit
📿 The Abhidhamma is difficult because it refuses to stop at the story we tell ourselve about our choices. It asks what was happening before the story began.
🙏 Enjoy deep, historically-grounded explorations of Buddhism like this one, subscribe to Buddha’s Wisdom. It goes this deep every week. After watching, say in the comments: Where do you catch yourself arriving late to your own mind?
(Affiliate Links) Primary texts Abhidhamma Piṭaka, the third collection of the Pāli canon https://amzn.to/4zDLzH2
Paṭṭhāna, the seventh and largest canonical Abhidhamma book, on the 24 conditional relations https://amzn.to/4c8xuHn
Kathāvatthu, the canonical record of doctrinal disputes, traditionally associated with Moggaliputta Tissa https://amzn.to/3Ub7mWh
Nibbedhika Sutta (AN 6.63), where intention is defined as kamma
Anupada Sutta (MN 111), where Sāriputta takes his meditative states apart factor by factor https://amzn.to/4zRCpXF
Commentarial and later works Atthasālinī, Buddhaghosa's commentary, which preserves the Tāvatiṃsa (Heaven of the Thirty-Three) account Abhidhammattha Saṅgaha, the compact manual that became the standard first textbook across the Theravāda world
Modern scholarship and reference works:
Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed. — A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma https://amzn.to/46mykwI
Y. Karunadasa — The Theravāda Abhidhamma: Its Inquiry into the Nature of Conditioned Reality https://amzn.to/4y0NpQE
Y. Karunadasa — The Dhamma Theory: Philosophical Cornerstone of the Abhidhamma
Nyanatiloka Mahāthera — Guide Through the Abhidhamma Piṭaka https://amzn.to/3SabxB7
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Abhidharma, for the historical development of Theravāda, Sarvāstivāda, and other early Buddhist Abhidharma traditions
Comparative Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma, the seven-book collection developed on the other side of the Indian subcontinent, and the sarvāsti position the Theravādins reject https://amzn.to/4qyodyo
Buddha's Wisdom, Aug. 24, 2026; Amber Larson (ed.); Dhr. Seven (Saylay Susila's editor on Unravelling book), Wisdom Quarterly
Is vipassana really Buddhist? The truth about the world's most popular meditation
(Buddha's Wisdom) 🔍 IS VIPASSANA REALLY BUDDHIST? THE HIDDEN STORY BEHIND THE WORLD'S MOST PRACTICED KIND OF INSIGHT MEDITATION
Millions of people have practiced Buddhist vipassana meditation, but very few know what the word vipassanā originally meant, or how the modern movement transformed one of Buddhism's oldest insights into a global meditation phenomenon.
What is insight (vipassana) meditation actually for? This word doesn't mean "meditation" at all. And the practice millions know from Goenka's free 10-day silent retreats was born not in the Buddha's proto-India, but in [George Orwell's] colonial Burma, the day an empire stopped protecting the Theravada Dhamma.
This is the true story of insight meditation: what vipassanā really means, how it nearly vanished, and how a monk, a farmer, an accountant, and a businessman carried it to the modern world.
📿 DISCOVER:
The original meaning of vipassanā and why it never simply meant "meditation"
How the fall of the Burmese kingdom sparked the modern Vipassana Movement
Why meditation was rare even among Buddhist monastics for nearly 1,000 years
Why many Buddhist teachers say today's vipassana is both ancient and surprisingly modern
The unlikely relay that saved insight practice: from Buddhist monk Ledi Sayadaw to a rice farmer to S.N. Goenka's flight home in 1969
What today's vipassana retreats, the mindfulness movement, and scientific research gained... and what may have been left behind.
🙏 If this changed what viewers thought meditation was, subscribe. The next episode uncovers the other half the world forgot: the deep stillness of jhana ("meditative absorption" as samma-samadhior "right stillness," "coherent unification of mind") the Buddha paired with insight.
Theravada: "Teaching" (vada) of the [Enlightened] "Elders" (theras). How old were these elders? They were of all ages because it has to do with seniority (how many rains retreats as a monastic). They were the first disciples of the historical Buddha, the theris (nuns) and theras (monks).
This comprehensive, compact, lucid, and very faithful account of the Buddha’s Teachings (Dhamma) persistently enjoys great popularity in colleges, universities, and theological schools both in America and abroad.
“An exposition of Buddhism conceived in a resolutely modern spirit.”—from the Foreword.
“For years,” says the Journal of the Buddhist Society, “the newcomer to Buddhism has lacked a simple and reliable introduction to the complexities of the subject. Dr. Rahula’s What the Buddha Taught fills the need as only could be done by one having a firm grasp of the vast material to be sifted. It is a model of what a book should be that is addressed first of all to ‘the educated and intelligent reader.’ Authoritative and clear, logical and sober, this study is as comprehensive as it is masterly.”
A classic introductory book to Buddhism, What the Buddha Taught, contains a selection of illustrative texts from the original Pali canon texts, including the suttas (discourses, sutras) and the Dhammapada ("Imprint of the Dhamma," specially translated by the author), 16 illustrations, and a bibliography, glossary, and index. More
What the Buddha Taught: Revised and Expanded Edition with Texts from Suttas and Dhammapada by Walpola Rahula (author) and Paul Demieville (foreword)
It’s time for our newest installment on Paṭṭhāna — the Buddha’s hyper-precise in-depth teachings on cause and effect. For those not yet up to speed on this series, I recommend reading my previous posts. For the sake of today’s installment, the one on different types of “support” is relevant.
Those who have read the previous one on the three different types of support will remember that one of those three is sahajata paccaya — the condition by which things must always arise at the same time.
Paccaya is the Pali word for “cause” or “condition.” Jati is the Pali word for “birth.” Saha means “same” — so sahajata means “born at the same time.”
But Patthana goes further. It also offers us purejata paccaya and pacchajata paccaya. The jata part still means “born,” while pure is Pali for “before,” and paccha is Pali for “after” — so here we have “born before” and “born after” conditions.
Of these two, purejata paccaya, or “born-before condition,” is intuitively far easier to understand. This is a condition whereby the cause arises before the effect. We can think of countless examples in nature where this condition holds:
a mother must always be born before her child,
the fruit tree must always grow before the fruit,
the river must exist before the fish come and swim in it.
In Abhidhamma terms, an example of this condition would be the various types of sensitive materiality that must already exist in order to support the consciousness that arises dependent on them. For example, eye-sensitive materiality must already exist in order for eye-consciousness to arise.
Another example occurs with some objects of attention. For example, eye-consciousness cannot arise without a visual object to cognize. So the visual object, which will be some kind of light or color, needs to already be existing and well established in order for eye-consciousness to arise. The cause comes first; the result comes after.
Pacchajata paccaya, however, is not as intuitive. Here we have the result arising first and the cause coming later. What?! Backwards [retro-] causality? Really? Well, no, not quite. It’s not really as mystical as it might sound.
Pacchajata paccaya is actually a condition whereby something that arises later is the cause for something that arose earlier to keep on existing. For example, there’s rain that falls after a tree already exists and helps keep that tree alive. Another example would be how children may at times give their otherwise exhausted parents a reason to keep on living, or indeed how students might give their weary teacher a reason to keep on teaching. ;-)
In Abhidhamma terms, we see that the consciousness and mental factors support materiality to keep on existing, even though the materiality existed first and the consciousness and mental factors came along later.
Why time has a direction
The truly powerful thing about these two conditions is that
I study without but not within.
they give a direction to time.
Time, at least in the way we usually think about it, is just a concept. It is something the mind makes up to measure change.
This is easy to understand by choosing any unit of time and thinking about how it is defined.
One year = the Earth goes round our Sun;
One day = the Earth completes a full rotation on its axis;
One second = the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine energy levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. (Yes, that really is how it came to be defined).
Time is always measured in terms of an amount of change that has happened in that period. Change is what is really happening. Time is the mind’s overlay in order to measure and make sense of the change.
But if time is just a concept, does that mean that we can just choose to freeze or go back or forwards in time? Well, no, because what purejata paccaya and pacchajata paccaya tell us is that some things must always happen first and other things must always happen after.
The flow of change has a direction. It doesn’t just seem to have a direction on a conceptual level. The directionality of time is hard-baked into the building blocks of reality.
So here we have two unassuming conditions having a profound effect on our reality or at least on how we experience it. If reality itself unfolds directionally, what does that tell us about the nature of our own lives?
What things in our lives need to come first? What things must follow after in order to sustain us? Let me know in the comments how you see these two conditions quietly working in daily life and how they are shaping your Dhamma paths.
Four-Day Hybrid Retreat with Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi (online or in-person)
Buddhist Association of the United States (BAUS, Chuang Yen Monastery, Carmel, Upstate NY
PRACTICING THE DHAMMA: From Bondage to Liberation
a Four-Day Hybrid Retreat with Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi
Beginning Sept. 4th and running through Sept. 7th a retreat will study the groups of mental factors that hold us in bondage to samsara, the cycle of repetitive birth and death, and the opposing factors that lead to liberation.
This retreat is based on the Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma, Chapter II, Sections 4–8, and Chapter VII, Sections 3–14 and 24–40.
The retreat includes Dhamma talks, discussion periods, and five sessions of meditation each day. It also provides the opportunity for those who haven’t yet “gone for guidance” (ti-sarana) to go for guidance to the Three Jewels, the first decisive step to formally becoming a follower of the Buddha-Dharma.
This retreat is conducted in hybrid mode, meaning it is both onsite in New York and online worldwide. Those who cannot attend in person can practice at home, participating online over Zoom or YouTube.
Those who wish to join in-person can come to BAUS/Chuang Yen Monastery and stay from Friday evening until Monday afternoon.
The monastery can accept only 50 onsite practitioners. If someone applies after the 50 spaces have been filled, that person will be put on a waiting list and accepted if prior applicants drop out.
Remember, anyone who can’t join in person can join from home via Zoom or YouTube.
REGISTER to participate in person only if committed to coming to Chuang Yen Monastery and staying all the way through Monday afternoon. If participating only part time, please join online.
A more detailed schedule will be posted later, but reserve these dates now. To register, go HERE.
Order a copy of the Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma (either electronic edition or hardcopy) from Pariyatti Press HERE.
This is very easy to answer. In Japanese zen literally means "meditation" in the sense of "absorption" (Pali jhana, Sanskrit dhyana, Chinese chan or channa, Vietnamese thiền, Korean sŏn or seon, and Japanese zen). Absorptions are progressive states of stillness (samadhi), misleadingly translated as "concentration."
The connotation of this rendering is struggle, force, and effort, whereas "absorption" is the result of persistent balanced effort (sādhanā practice) but itself is effortless: It is not accomplished by "muscling" or "over-efforting" but rather by "letting go" and no longer "clinging" to things.
Through persistent, steady, calm practice these obstructions are replaced by the Five Factors of Absorption (jhana'anga. "limbs of absorption"), detached tranquility, dispassionate observation, and mindful looking on or objective witnessing or simply watching, at first accompanied by a sort of "bliss" (piti, rapture, uplift, joy, enthusiasm, zeal), "happiness" (sukha), and "contentment" (santosha).
"Zen" with a capital Z is a different story, for it may refer to the entire history and set of practices in the Japanese Mahayana Chan School originating in China, having spread to Korea and other parts of Asia and now the world.
Perplexing discussions of "emptiness" (shunyata) and "suchness" (tathātā) are more easily understood in the older texts of the Theravada.
The Wheel of the Dharma (8 spokes)
Thera-vada is the "Teaching of the Elders," who are the enlightened direct disciples of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni, the "Sage of the Sakas" or the Indo-Scythians of ancient Gandhara, one of the Angas.
Of course, as much as one Buddhist school might influence or explicate another, Zen (Chan) is part of the Mahayana movement, a later "reformed" rather than a back-to-basics "orthodox" movement like Theravada. Zen is so thoroughly blended and saturated with Taoism (and to a lesser extent Chinese Confucianism and Japanese Shinto) that most of what is pondered and assumed to be "Buddhist" is strictly Taoist in nature. All the fun of Zen is more related to Lao Tzu (and later Hinduism, Tantra, and Vajrayana) than the historical Buddha's Teachings. One need only listen to Alan Watts to realize that.
What are those "things"? They are everything other than the only compact (noncomposite) item, the sole unconditioned element, which is called nirvana (Pali nibbana).
Nirvana, as our habitual logic might compel us to conclude, is notnothingness. Rather, it is the end of:
For anyone who's convinced that the Buddha never had anything to say about nirvana, there is this lovely description describing the indescribable, almost capturing the ineffable, or seeming to put words to that which is really beyond words.
These words are said as a corrective for everyone making the massive mistake of concluding that nirvana has to mean "annihilation, nothingness, non-existence, or the void," a pernicious wrong view.
Could anyone ever draw what can't be imagined?
THE BUDDHA: “There is, O meditators, an unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, unformed. Were there not, O meditators, this unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, unformed, there would be no escape from the world of the born, originated, created, formed. But since, O meditators, there is an unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, and unformed, there is an escape from the born, originated, created, formed.”
Anyone not yet convinced that the Deathless is not Eternal Life (but perhaps closer to the Ancient Greek term mistranslated as such, aion, as spoken of by the wise Gnostics) and the Unconditioned is just not like the conditioned (all those composite things utterly dependent on causes and conditions), the Buddha said more:
“Truly, there is a realm, where there is neither solid, nor fluid, neither heat, nor motion, neither this world, nor any other world, neither sun nor moon. This I call neither arising, nor passing away, neither standing still, nor being born, nor dying. There is neither foothold, nor development, nor any basis. This is the end of suffering" (Ud. VIII. 1 - The Immutable).
Thus have I heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Savatthi in Jeta's Grove at Anathapindika's monastery.
On that occasion he was instructing, rousing, inspiring, and gladdening the meditators with a Dhamma talk connected with NIRVANA, and those meditators, being receptive and attentive and gathering their whole mind, were intent on listening to teaching. Then, on realizing the significance, the Buddha delivered this inspired utterance:
What would such a timeless place be like?
"Meditators, there is that base where there is no earth, no water, no fire, no air [the Four Elements]; no base consisting of the infinity of space, no base consisting of the infinity of consciousness, no base consisting of nothingness, no base consisting of neither-perception-nor-non-perception [the Four Immaterial Absorptions]; neither this world nor another world nor both; neither sun nor moon. Here, meditators, I declare, there is no coming, no going, no staying, no ceasing, no rising. Not fixed, not movable, it has no support. Just this is the end of suffering" (Udana 8.1).
This counterintuitive Teaching is for the wise.
What could this sutra mean? It is clearly stating that there is something beyond the beyond -- beyond the "universe" that is the 31 Planes of Existence, which is divided into three spheres (lokas): our sensual sphere, the heavenly fine-material sphere, and the incomprehensible immaterial sphere. They are increasingly subtle until they peter out into an even more sublime situation where there is not even that which was already incomprehensible. It does not matter that it is incomprehensible BECAUSE it is experienceable, personally verifiable, a truth attainable here and now, not in another rebirth (in heaven or otherwise), not in an afterlife, but here and now in this very life. So nirvana should be embraced as practical, excellent, and worthy of knowing-and-seeing directly, and not dismissed as theoretical or unknowable. Let's look at the original Pali canon wording:
Paṭhama-nibbāna-suttaṃ
1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ: ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kakho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Te ca bikkū aṭṭhi katvā [1] manasi katvāsabbaṃ cetaso [2] samannāharatvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti.
2. Atha kho bhagavā etamattaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi: - "Atti bhikkave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva paṭhavi, na āpo, na tejo, na vāyo, na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, na viññānañcāyatanaṃ, na ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, nāyaṃ loko, na paraloko, na ubho candimasuriyā. Tatrāpāhaṃ bhikkhave, neva āgatiṃ vadāmi, na gatiṃ, na ṭhitiṃ, na cutiṃ, na upapattiṃ. Appatiṭṭhaṃ appavattaṃ anārammaṇamevetaṃ. Esevanto dukkhassā"ti.
Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly edited by Ashley Wells, Wisdom Quarterly
Dhamma Eart began in 2008 as a simple Buddhist meditation hermitage nestled in the forested region of Kuching, Malaysia.
Over the years, it has blossomed into an international ecosystem dedicated to Dhamma learning, service, and community building.
Today, its Buddhist monasteries can be found in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Dhampus (Nepal), and Penang (Malaysia), serving as sanctuaries for practice, wisdom, and compassion.
This Dhamma ecosystem provides various platforms for people of all ages, backgrounds, and levels of spiritual development to benefit from the Buddha’s Teachings.
Dhamma Earth aims to nurture holistic well-being—physically, emotionally, and spiritually—through a dynamic Dhamma ecosystem structured around four key pillars:
MEDITATION
EDUCATION
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
SOCIAL WELFARE.
The Dhamma Earth ecosystem is dedicated to the growth and transformation of all. We invite you to be part of this journey.
Explore more about Dhamma Earth
The meditation course is based on the Buddha’s systematic instructions from the Pali canon (Tipitaka) and its Commentaries (tika), focusing on the Threefold Training:
Virtue (sīla, morality): the foundation of ethical living
Stillness (samādhi, concentration): the cultivation of a focused mind
Wisdom (paññā, knowing-and-seeing): the development of insight
Dhamma Earth monasteries welcome practitioners year-round for meditation practice and scheduled retreats. As the Buddha taught, the gift of Dhamma (the Teachings) is the most precious gift. In this spirit, all meditation retreats at Dhamma Earth are offered free of charge, supported by the generosity (dāna) of donors who wish to help others experience the path of awakening.
DHAMMA EDUCATION
Dhamma Earth believes that Dhamma education should be engaging, accessible, and meaningful for all. Local educational initiatives span across different age groups and interests, including:
Dhamma classes and camps for children, youth, university students, and young adults.
Thematic courses in leadership, mindfulness, and creative expression
Programs by affiliated organizations:
Mangala Family, Tusita Youth, and Hai Ou – Promoting Dhamma education
SOLID (Society of Leadership in De-Selfishness) and WISLEAD (Wisdom Leadership Society) – Cultivating leadership with wisdom
Compassion in action is at the heart of Dhamma Earth, which strives to uplift the lives of the disadvantaged through our charities Tusita Foundation, Maha Mangala Charity of Malaysia, and Shayoung Club of Malaysia.
Future aspirations: Expanding into hospice care, elderly and disability services, counseling, daycare centers, and orphanages.
SOCIAL WELFARE
A healthy body supports a clear mind. Dhamma Earth integrates physical well-being into spiritual practice through programs that emphasize:
Holistic health – Nutrition, lifestyle, and mindful living
Healing and detox retreats – Combining the Buddha's ancient wisdom with modern wellness
Mind Body Liberation Program – A free-of-charge medical therapy service offering traditional Chinese medicine and holistic therapies, incorporating Dhamma principles into healthcare to address physical and mental sufferings at the root causes.
VISION
Dhamma Earth envisions becoming a global center for Dhamma propagation, continuing to spread the Teachings of the historical Buddha and helping more beings find liberation from all suffering.
The future of Dhamma Earth includes expanding its ecosystem to encompass more charitable, educational, and health-related projects, ensuring that people at every stage of life can benefit from the Dhamma.More
DhammaEarth.org; Yean C. and Dhr. Seven (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly
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