I am Devil (and the God, too): Neo Dharmism

(Neo Dharmism) The Devil doesn't exist in Hinduism | Here's what does, and it's far worse

Hinduism on what happens after we die: Karma and coming back

• Moksha: "liberation," not coming back anymore 

Dharma will never convert you: Here's why

Two Paths to Knowledge (Bhikkhu Bodhi)

I trust the Orgy Pit's been scraped and buttered

Many of the most formidable social and cultural problems we face today are rooted in the sharp divide (schism) that has divided Western civilization between science and religion.

Science claims invincible knowledge based on testing (empirical investigation of) the natural world. Most religions do little more than call for faith in supernatural beliefs along with obedience to codes of morality and ethics that require restraint, self-discipline, and worst of all self-sacrifice.

Since most religion, as traditionally understood, often rests on no more than blithe promises and pompous threats, its appeals to our allegiance seldom win.

The ethical ideals it claims to advocate (when not being hypocritical) don't stand a fighting chance against the constant injunction — thrust in our faith by screens, radios, and signboards — to ENJOY life to the hilt while we can.

What'd you do in there? - Well, I took the butter

As a result, a most of humankind has become alienated from religion as any kind of meaningful guide to life, left with no alternative but to plunge headlong into another kind of religion: secularism, the religion of rejecting religion through mass consumerism and hedonism.

Too often, those in the religious camp, sensing the threat secularism poses to their own security, feel driven toward an aggressive fundamentalism in a desperate bid to salvage traditional loyalties.

The quest to establish a sound basis for proper conduct in today's world has been made particularly difficult. Why? A consequence of the "scientific" worldview has been to banish values from real life.

While many scientists, in their personal lives, are staunch advocates of such ideals like world peace, social justice, and greater economic equality (parity), the worldview promoted by modern science gives values no objective grounding, not in the grand scheme of things. Thinking like this, values' root and basis is purely subjective. So they bring along all the qualities that subjectivity suggests: being

• personal,
• private,
• idiosyncratic,
• relative,
• not to be talked about with others
• and sometimes even arbitrary.

The overall effect of this is that, despite the best intentions of many of them, scientists give a green light to lifestyles founded on a quest for personal gratification. Not only that, it's also based on a power drive aimed at exploiting others.

The Buddha's Teaching

"If there's any religion...it would be Buddhism"

In contrast to the classical Western antithesis of religion and science, Buddhism shares with science a common commitment to personally test and uncover the Truth about the world.

Both Buddhism and science draw a sharp distinction between the way things appear and the way they really are. And both offer to open our minds to insights into the real nature of things normally hidden from us, sometimes in plain sight as falsified ideas based on distorted sense perceptions and "common sense."

Forget science-school and meditation. Let's dance!

Still, despite of Buddhism and science's affinity, it is necessary to recognize the great differences in the aim that separates Buddhism and science. Both may share certain conceptions about the nature of reality, but science is essentially a project designed to provide control and objective, factual knowledge, with information about the public domain. Buddhism is a spiritual path intended to promote inner transformation and the direct realization of the highest good, called awakening, enlightenment, liberation, or nirvana.

In Buddhism, the quest for knowledge is important but not as an end in itself or to control others. The main cause of our suffering and bondage is ignorance.

What does that mean? Ignorance (avijja) is not understanding things as they really are. Instead, we distort things even as we perceive them, judge, and label them. So the antidote needed to heal ourselves is knowledge or liberating-insight.

The type of knowledge acquired by practicing Dhamma differs from that sought by science in several ways. Most importantly, the knowledge sought is not gaining objective information about the physical world. It is about a deep personal insight into the real nature of our personal existence.

The aim is not to understand reality from the outside. It is to understand it from the inside, much as psychology originally intended to do. Knowledge from the perspective of one's own living experience is the key -- as it is to shamans, Gnostics, and experimenters on a quest in this lifetime.

We seek not debated "facts" and "opinions" as knowledge, but insight, wisdom, personal knowledge that is inescapably subjective. That's the point. The whole value of it lies in its transformative power and impact on our own life.

Concern with the outer world as an object of direct knowledge arises only insofar as the outer world is inextricably implicated in personal experience.

As the Buddha says, "In this body, with its perception and thought, I declare

• the world,
• the origin of the world,
• the cessation of the world, and
• the way to the cessation of the world."

First, I'll be born as a prince then renounce it all

Buddhism takes personal experience as the starting point, without aiming to use experience as a springboard to an impersonal, objective type of knowledge. Buddhism includes within its domain the entire spectrum of qualities disclosed by personal experience.

This means that Buddhism gives prime consideration to values. But even more, "values" for Buddhism are not merely projections of subjective judgments fashioned according to our personal whims, social needs, or cultural conditioning.

On the contrary, they are written into the texture of reality itself just as firmly as the laws of motion and thermodynamics. So values CAN be evaluated: rated in terms of being true or false and ranked as valid or invalid.

And part of our task in giving meaning to our lives, which means unearthing the true scheme of values. To determine the true gradation of values, we have to turn our attention inward and use subjective criteria of investigation. So what we find, far from being private or arbitrary, is an integral part of the objective order.

This order is permeated by the same lawfulness that governs the movement of the stars and planets.

Science says it's for something

Natural science (wiki)

Affirming the objective reality of values implies another major distinction between Buddhism and science. For liberating-insight or knowledge of enlightenment to arise, an investigator has to undergo a profound personal transformation guided by the inner perception of genuine values.

While natural science can be undertaken as an intellectual discipline, the Buddhist quest is an existential discipline. That can only be implemented by regulating and restraining our conduct, purifying our mind, and refining our capacity for attention.

What is there to pay attention to? To our own physical (bodily) and mental processes.

This kind of Buddhist training requires ethics all the way through. Ethical guidelines support and pervade the entire training. The starting point is right action, and the culmination is the highest liberation of the heart/mind.

OK, there's escape from this lack-of-fulfilment?

What is noteworthy is that the ethical thrust of Buddhist training and the mental thrust of it converge. Where? They converge on the realization of the ultimate truth of selflessness (anatta). [This is an advanced notion, but it is the gateway to stream entry, the first stage of enlightenment.]

It is just here that contemporary science approaches Buddhism in its discovery that "nature" is a process actually. It reveals the lack of any ultimate substance hiding behind a sequence of events. There are events. But this correspondence again points to a fundamental difference.

In Buddhism the impermanent, unsatisfying (unfulfilling), and impersonal nature of reality is not just some factual truth to apprehend (or believe in). It is above all an existential truth. It is a transformative principle.

It offers the key to being able to stop clinging to the false and to let go as we gain right understanding.

Right understanding (seeing things as they really are) leads to right liberation. To use this key for its sole purpose, which is to open the door to spiritual freedom, we must govern our conduct on the premise that the false idea of a substantial self is a delusion.

It is insufficient to merely intellectually grasp this selflessness as some idea or to turn it into a plaything of thought. The principle must be penetrated by training ourselves to discover the absence of selfhood in its subtlest hiding place, the deep recesses of our own bodies and minds.

• 

  Knowing and Seeing: True...

  [HOW? How can this ever be accomplished? Buddhist Meditation Master Pa Auk Sayadaw explains. By mastering "meditation" (the absorptions or jhanas), the mind/heart is purified and able to see. What does it look at? It breaks down this body, this materiality, into its components, the smallest of which are "form particles" (rupa kalapas). The body is not "body," but rather countless constituent elements constantly built up and torn down, rising and falling away. The mind is not "mind," but rather countless constituent elements (a stream of "mind-moments" called cittas) constantly built up and falling away. This is what's really there, if only we could ever see it as it truly is.

• 

  Venerable Pa Auk Sayadaw of Burma

  We can see it. That is to say, we can know-and-see directly. How? First, we settle the mind into absorption, emerge and move to a deeper absorption. With practice, this comes at will. Then we turn our attention to the "fourfold setting up of mindfulness." This is just a fancy way of saying we give systematic attention to body, feelings, the mind, and various phenomena. With exercises to directly perceive the Dependent Origination of things (the fact that everything that arises arises dependent on causes and conditions), the mind is made ready to see things as they really are. And in doing so, it naturally lets go of ignorance, illusion, and falsehoods. It thereby gains light, knowledge, wisdom, and liberation.]

Buddhist thinkers and open-minded scientists, if they were to share insights and reflections, could show us an effective way to heal the divide. What divide? The rift between seeking "objective" knowledge and spiritual wisdom. We could bring about a reconciliation of science and spirituality.

In this way, spiritual practice could become an integral part of the discipline that aims at knowledge. Spiritual practice and knowledge combined could become the tools for achieving the highest good stuck in the world and breaking beyond limitations to enlightenment and spiritual freedom.

Hedonist Stephen Hawking in Epstein Files

This has always been the position of Buddhism. The evidence is in the most ancient texts. The Buddha, the "Enlightened One," is not only a kind of scientist, a lokavidu or "knower of the world." He is also, above all, "one complete in both knowledge and conduct" (vijja-carana-sampanno). Could a scientist say that? Could one ever get to that through science? Source: Two Paths to Knowledge

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

American Theravada monk Bhikkhu Bodhi

Bhikkhu Bodhi (born Dec. 10, 1944) is an American Theravada scholar-monk and prolific translator of ancient Buddhist texts from the Pali canon. He was born in New Jersey and moved to California to get his PhD from Claremont before heading to Asia to ordain as a Buddhist monk. He went in search of a teacher and found one in Sri Lanka, Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero, along with many fellow Jewish Buddhists from Germany in and around the Buddhist Publication Society (BPS). He now teaches at the Buddhist Association of the United States (BAUS) in Upstate New York (Chuang Yen Monastery) and in New Jersey (Bodhi Monastery, which is not named after him). He is a Buddhist author, translator, and commentator, who was Wisdom Quarterly Dharma Editor Dhr. Seven's first theoretical Dharma teacher [who himself studied at Berkeley and UCLA before journeying to Sri Lanka in Bhikkhu Bodhi's steps and onto India, Nepal, Thailand, and Burma to meet his practical teacher, the great living Buddhist meditation master Pa Auk Sayadaw]. Bhikkhu Bodhi was appointed BPS's second president [2] after its founder, Ven. Nyanaponika, following in the footsteps of the great Western maverick Ven. Nyanatiloka. He is currently president of BAUS and the founder of the Buddhist feminist charity Buddhist Global Relief [3]. More

• Online Dharma Lectures | BODHI MONASTERY
• Bhikkhu Bodhi (accesstoinsight.org, 2005) clarified and expanded by Dhr. Seven and Amber Larson (ed.), Wisdom Quarterly

How'd Buddhism get so 'way out'? (funny)

(exurb1a) Buddhism is kinda out there, Man a whimsical survey of the various Buddhisms (major Buddhist schools), repeating many popular misconceptions but in a very entertaining way.

(Dropout) Facebook Quote Buddha | College Humor original video

The Sickest Buddhist (rapper)

(ARJ Barker) Comedian Arj Barker gets real

Who's my true SELF, false self? (Alan Watts)

Duncan Trussell deleted himself (ego death) from existence on 5-MeO-DMT (Tales From the Trip)

(Occaro Wisdom) The Hidden Cost of Esoteric Knowledge

• WARNING: "A little learning is a dangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring: There shallow thoughts intoxicate the brain" - the Great Alexander Pope (reddit)

O, those Greeks of Macedonia were something

This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses. The first line of this couplet is often misquoted as "a little knowledge is a dangerous thing."

In Greek mythology, the "Pierian Spring" of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia was sacred to the mythological Pierides and the Muses. As the metaphorical source of knowledge of art and science, it was popularized by a couplet in Pope's 1711 poem An Essay on Criticism:

Alexander Pope "high" on his Muse

A little learning is a dang'rous thing;

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring:

There shallow draughts [sips] intoxicate the brain,

And drinking [more medicine] largely sobers us again.

Fired at first sight with what the Muse imparts,

In fearless youth we tempt the heights of Arts;

While from the bounded level of our mind

Short views we take, nor see the lengths behind,

But, more advanced, behold with strange surprise

New distant scenes of endless science rise!

So pleased at first the towering Alps we try,

Mount o’er the vales, and seem to tread the sky;

The eternal snows appear already past,

And the first clouds and mountains seem the last;

But those attained, we tremble to survey

The growing labors of the lengthened way;

The increasing prospect tires our wandering eyes,

Hills peep o’er hills, and Alps on Alps arise!

(After Skool)

I don't know what I'm supposed to think.

Alan Watts, what is The Self (Ego), the True Self, False Self, Higher Self, Eternal Atman, Soul, Invisible Spirit (Prana, the Pneuma, Holy Spirit), Immortal Essence, Sine Qua Non of Me, Myself, and I?

Who am "I"?

• Wisdom Quarterly says there is "NO self."
• WQ says no such thing. What we say is that, in an ultimate sense, "self" (soul, ego, atman, atta, spirit) is impersonal.
• So there IS a "self"?
• In a conventional sense, of course there is! How else would we live in a squiggly universe without a sense of our boundaries demarcating where we end and others start?
• Oh, so I don't have to give everything away, join a commune, and do whatevers my Guru tells me to?
• Ugh, no, you do not. Be yourself. Think. Practice. Buddhism only makes sense for those who practice the Dhamma, not the debaters or scholars of it.

Joe Rogan: some "drugs" are not drugs

Catholic Joe Rogan's epic rant on psychedelics (After Skool animation)

Been Dazed 'n Confused for so long it's not true

Led Zeppelin "Dazed and Confused" live on tour in USA (The Song Remains the Same)

DMT on LSD: Reptilian transformation

(Animated) Psyched Substance smoked DMT while on LSD

(Acid) and found his "True Self" | Tales From the Trip

Ego death is good?

Wait, then, so I'm as "real" as this chair? - Yes.

EGO DEATH is a "complete loss of subjective self-identity" [1]. The term is used in various contexts, with related meanings.

The 19th-century psychologist and philosopher William James uses the synonymous term "self-surrender." Jungian psychology uses the synonymous term "psychic death," referring to a fundamental transformation of the psyche (soul) [2].

So I can be responsible with a career? - Yes.

In death and rebirth explanations, ego death is a phase of self-surrender and transition [3, 4, 5, 6] as described by mythologist Joseph Campbell in his research on the "Hero's Journey" [3].

It is a recurrent theme in world mythology and is also used as a metaphor in some strands of contemporary Western thinking [6].

• The Default Mode Network: Ego Death and Psychedelic States | Neural Ego – Nicole's ritual universe

What if I can't get it to stop?

In descriptions of drugs, the term is used synonymously with "ego loss" [7, 8, 1, 9] to refer to temporary loss of one's sense of having a self due to the use or abuse of drugs [10, 11, 1], be they negative (deluded) hallucinogens or positive (pro-realization) entheogens.

The term was used as such by Harvard Dr. Timothy Leary and others [1] to describe the death of the ego [12] in the first phase of an LSD trip, in which a "complete transcendence" of the self [Note 1] occurs.

Did the Grateful Dead know about this?

The concept is also used in contemporary New Age spirituality and in the modern understanding of ancient Eastern religions (such as Nondualism/Advaita/Oneness) to describe a permanent loss of "attachment to a separate sense of self" [Web 1] and self-centeredness [13] (egoism, egotism, selfishness, conceit).

This kind of conception is a part of Eckhart Tolle's Buddhist-like teachings, where Ego is presented as an accumulation of thoughts and emotions, continuously identified with [and clung to], which creates the idea and feeling of being a separate entity from one's self, and only by disidentifying one's consciousness from it can one truly be free from suffering [14]. More

Life: break us to wake us? DRUNK

(T&H Inspiration & Motivation) I was disgusted, busted, and not to be trusted. I was a drunkard, an alcoholic. I wasted 33 years of my life in my head before Welsh actor Anthony Hopkins explained this

I'm going to go divinely mad: LOVE

Is this song real? First reaction to Led Zeppelin's "Dazed and Confused"

Alan Watts: DIVINE MADNESS love, surrender, and sanity of insanity

The incessant chatter of the Self

(Alan Watts Echoes) The one idea that ends anxiety forever

The Sumerian Garden of Eden, Tree of Life

(The Enki Codex) Sumerian map that shows a green landmass where Antarctica is - and the civilization that lived there: Piri Reis map is real and undeniable proof we have been lied to

(Ancient Signal) Why the ancient Mesopotamian god Enlil (brother of Enki) banned the "Tree of Life": The Sumerian secret of our nervous system | History for Sleep

(Soulful Energy) 432 Hz + 741 Hz, fall into deep healing,

anxiety relief, melatonin release: stop overthinking

• Archons (parasites, farmers of "loosh")
• What in the world is "loosh," Robert Monroe?
• CSF: cerebrospinal fluid

Gnostic: Demiurge's prison of 'reality'

(Secret Files)

• Gnosticism seems to be the Western version of the Vedic/Hindu concept of God (the One or the Supreme) at "divine play" (lila), coming under the illusion (maya) of separation. But all is one. Who is this Demiurge, this false God that created this simulation/illusory reality (duality) around us and the cycle of endless rebirth (samsara)?

Do all Teachers realize the same thing?

(Finding Meaning Project) They all discovered the same thing?

Alan Watts + Eckhart Tolle: beyond mind

Alan Watts+Eckhart Tolle: What lies beyond the mind

(After Skool) Alan Watts (Jan. 6, 1915–Nov. 16, 1973) was a well-known British philosopher, writer, and speaker and California via Japan, best known for his interpretation of Eastern philosophy for Western audiences.

He left us more than 25 books and an audio library of about 400 talks, all of which are still in great demand.

(Alan Watts Daily Insights) Five things we must give up to vibrate higher

• Follow the Alan Watts Organization: ● YouTube: @alanwattsorg ● Facebook: alanwattsofficial ● Instagram: alanwattsorg ● Full lectures found at: alanwatts.org and alanwatts.com
• Visit audible.com/afterskool or text 'afterskool' to 500 500 to get a free trial and for a limited time, save 60% on first 3 months of Audible.

Eckhart Tolle is a Western spiritual teacher and bestselling author. A German-born resident of Canada best known as the author of The Power of Now and A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose, in 2008, The New York Times called him, "the most popular spiritual author in the United States." Oprah might have had a little more than something to do with that.

There is only one now. When?

In 2011, Tolle (pronounced /toll-lay/ and never /toll/ or /toll-lee/) was listed by Watkins Review as the most spiritually influential person in the world.

A good friend of the Dalai Lama, Tolle nevertheless does not identify with any specific religion but has been influenced by a wide range of spiritual works. Eckhart Tolle's audio comes from his podcast with Russell Brand.

Thanks for watching. Time and attention are greatly appreciated. Like this video and want to help create more? Consider supporting After Skool on Patreon: afterskool. Visit website: afterskool.net. See newsletter, check out After Skool prints (after-skool.creator-spring.com), or send an email to: afterskool100@gmail.com.

• After Skool, Nov. 23, 2021; Dhr. Seven, Ananda (Dharma Buddhist Meditation), Amber Larson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

Eckhart Tolle awakened by ego death

INTERVIEW: Why did Eckhart "awaken"? | Eckhart Tolle

• Third interview pinpoints ego death (the realization that all things are anatta, not-self, egoless, the liberating truth that all things are impersonal)

Who becomes enlightened?

WATCH: (Eckhart Tolle) Who becomes enlightened?

Going through a Dark Night of the Soul? Eckhart Tolle explains

• Eckhart Tolle, YouTube channel; Amber Larson, Dhr. Seven (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly

Dalai Lama: How to start loving yourself

(Dalai Lama) How to Actually LOVE Yourself: A Practical Guide

• Loving-kindness: What  is the Buddhist PRACTICE of metta or maitrī?

We are all "one," literally?

Gandharan Buddhist Texts: Rhino Sutra

(Tan Lay) Ancient Gandharan (Proto-Indian) Buddhist text: Rhinoceros Sutra (audiobook)

• Snp 1.3: Khaggavisāṇa Sutta—Ven. Sujato (translation)

First statues of the Buddha

In the years following Alexander the Great’s conquest of the East, a series of empires rose up along the Silk Road. In what is now northern Pakistan, the civilizations in the region called ancient Gandhara became increasingly important centers for the development of Buddhism, reaching their apex under King Kaniska of the Kusanas (Kushan Empire) in the second century CE.

Gandhara has long been known for its Greek-Indian (Greco-Buddhist) synthesis in architecture and statuary, but until about 20 years ago, almost nothing was known about its Buddhist literature (Gandhāran Buddhist texts).

Buddhist Lit of Ancient Gandhara

The insights provided by manuscripts unearthed over the last few decades show that Gandhara was indeed a vital link in the early development of Buddhism, instrumental in both the transmission (Journey to the West, Monkey King) of Buddhism to China and the rise of the Mahayana tradition.

The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhara surveys what we know about Gandhara and its Buddhism, and it also provides translations of a dozen different short texts, from similes and stories to treatises on time and reality.

Afghan Buddhas: The Ancient Art of Gandhara || Overlooked Art History

Afghanistan's Buddhas: The Ancient Art of Gandhara || Overlooked Art History

(Athena Art Foundation) Feb. 20, 2023: The history of ancient Gandharan art is a reminder of Afghanistan's diverse and beautiful history, in poignant contrast to its current political turmoil. 🇦🇫 Gandhara was an ancient region located in parts of present-day northeast Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. Gandharan sculpture is characterized by its combination of ancient Greek and Buddhist styles, highly influenced by the conquest of Alexander the Great in 327 BC. #sculptor #arthistory #learnart

• 0:00-0:55 Introduction
• 0:56-1:30 Gandharan history
• 1:31-2:40 First human depictions of the Buddha
• 2:40-3:46 Other subject matter

Gandhara: Pakistan's Buddhist Legacy (exploring Taxila, Takht-i-Bhai, Shindagar (Swat)

• Takht-i-Bahi, Buddhist Afghanistan
• Mes Aynak, Little Copper Well, unexcavated Buddhist temple complex
• Buddhism in Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Buddhism in Central Asia
• Gandhāra (kingdom)
• Buddhism in Pakistan
• Ajina Tepe, Tajikistan
• Greco-Buddhist monasticism

Superiority of Solitude in Early Buddhism: "The Rhinoceros Sutta"

(Doug's Dharma) Nov. 27, 2023: Is solitary practice superior? [The best companionship is with a kalyana-mitta or "noble friend," and the second best, if no such friend can be found, is to go alone.] Let us consider the problem through a look at one of the most powerful and enigmatic early Buddhist poems, the Rhinoceros Sutra. What does it tell us, and who composed it?

• 00:00 Intro — viewer question and a poem
• 02:26 What does the poem say?
• 04:37 The central tension of Buddhist practice: solitude and community
• 08:06 Who composed the poem, when, and why?
• 09:14 Pre-Buddhist origin?
• ["Pre-Buddhist" refers to when there were only silent or non-teaching (pacceka-) buddhas, considered pre-Buddhist because the historical Supremely Enlightened Buddha (samma-sam-buddha) Siddhartha Gautama or Shakyamuni has not yet arisen in the world; however, there have been other supremely awakened teaching buddhas in the distant past. This means there were Buddhists before Buddhism even if they were not called that and a long line of at least 28 teaching-buddhas mentioned by the Buddha as having preceded him.]
• 09:59 Buddhist origin?
• 14:10 Both origins?

📙 BOOK: A Handbook of Early Buddhist Wisdom, with a foreword by Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi. 🧡 Find this material useful? Check out Dr. Doug's Patreon page and get fun benefits like exclusive videos, audio-only versions, and extensive show notes: dougsseculardharma. 🧡 Donate: paypal.me/dougsdharma ☸️ Free mini-course at the Online Dharma Institute: onlinedharma.org. 🎙Check out podcast with Jon Aaron, "Diggin' the Dharma," digginthedharma.com

✅ Books mentioned

• Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans.) The Suttanipāta: An Ancient Collection of the Buddha’s Discourses Together with its Commentaries (Wisdom Publications, 2017)
• Richard Salomon, The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhāra (Wisdom Publications, 2018)
• The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhara: An Introduction with Selected Translations (Classics of Indian Buddhism)

NOTE: As an Amazon associate, Dr. Doug earns from qualifying purchases. Amazon links are affiliate links where he will earn a very small commission on purchases made at no additional cost to purchaser. This goes a tiny way towards defraying the costs of making these videos. Thanks!

✅ Video mentioned: The Early Ideal of the "Lone Buddha" or Pacceka-buddha — • The Early Ideal of the "Lone Buddha"...

✅ Sutta mentioned: suttacentral.net/mn122/en/sujato

Webpage: dougsdharma.com. Facebook: onlinedharmainstitute. Mastodon: mindly.social/@dougsdharma. Instagram: dougsdharma. Threads: threads.net/@dougsdharma. Thumbnail photo courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

❤️ Thanks to Patreon Patrons: Anonymous (3) John Oborne DunJing Jimmy Maa Debbie Mattison Fine Art Steve H. Ron Peat Matthew Smith Shantha Wengappuli Karma_CAC Jorge Seguel Christopher Apostolof GailJM Brett Merritt David Bell T Pham VCR Upayadhi Andi and Erik ATGuerrero686 Michael Scherrer khobe schofield Alex Perdomo Benji Forsyth Blaze Way Sonny Flink Steve Marlor Joy L Lee Andrew Tom Anthony Tucker Karlee R Ethan M Billy in Singapore Olivia Otter Carl Lennartson xiao mao Jeff Harvey Andrew Ingrouille Kenneth Grandchamp Doug Fonner Rene Gariepy Russell Needham Smoggyrob Mac Roja Bernardo Clémence Ortega Douville Kwan Alex Scott Johnston Richard J Beninger Nathanael O. Arnquist SaturnianMandala Trin P Letesa Isler Dorien Izel Robert Paterson Jake Tobiason Louvenia Ortega Steve S. Richard Rappuhn Sarah Kress John Aaron Paul Niklewski Kong Ing Kai Dave Gorman rhys reed Osanda Wijeratne Billy Scarlett Farrow

• Gandhara: A Forgotten History by Jay Vardhan Singh
• Tan Lay; Doug's Dharma; Dhr. Seven and Amber Larson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly