Charvaka (Sanskrit चार्वाक, Cārvāka), also known as Lokāyata ("world only"), is an ancient Indian school of materialism [1].
It is an example of the atheistic schools in the ancient Indian philosophies [a][3][b][5][c].
Charvaka holds that only direct perception (seeing with my own eyes, experiencing with my own senses), empiricism (provable, objective scientific method), and conditional inference (logical deduction and argument) are proper sources of knowledge; it embraces philosophical skepticism and rejects all ritualism [4][6][7][8][9].
In other words, the Charvaka epistemology (the study of how we know or decide that things are true) states that whenever one infers a truth from a set of observations or truths, one must acknowledge doubt; inferred knowledge is conditional [10]. It was a well-attested belief system in ancient India [d].
Brihaspati, a [heretical] philosopher, is traditionally referred to as the founder of the Charvaka or Lokāyata philosophy, although some scholars dispute this [11, 12].
Charvaka developed during the Hindu reformation period in the first millennium BCE [13] and is considered a philosophical predecessor to subsequent or contemporaneous heterodox philosophies such as Ajñāna, Ājīvika, Jainism, and Buddhism [14].
Its teachings have been compiled from historic secondary literature such as those found in the shastras, sutras, and Indian epic poetry [15].
Charvaka is categorized as one of the nāstika or "heterodox" schools of Indian philosophy [16, 17]. More
Bashar’s shocking revelations on "God," multiple Big Bangs, multiverse, and "creation"
(Path of Knowledge) March 26, 2025: What if everything we thought we knew about God, the Big Bang, and the nature of reality were completely wrong?
🤯
In this exclusive Bashar compilation, we’ve gathered his most profound insights on the origin of the universe, the mechanics of creation, and the true nature of existence. Prepare for mind-expanding revelations that will challenge standard beliefs, ignite curiosity, and unlock a new understanding of reality itself.
👁️ Watch until the end for a perspective shift that will change how humanity sees reality forever.
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The beginning of stories is not the real first point
The curious mistaken assumption about "creation" as understood in the West and in the Abrahamic faiths is that it is treated as absolute when it is no such thing. Any creation is The Creation, when it is just a story, a myth meant to explain current things. These narratives do not reveal existential questions. For example, say the God "created" Adam and Eve. They were not the first. They are just the current generation, the latest Adama (a group, not an individual). Eve was not the first woman in that story; Lilith was, but she's erased and divorced and sent away. What happened to the God's wife, Asherah? She was widely venerated as the Queen of Heaven in the past, but then all her temples were wiped out and her votive totem pole statues were smashed. They are found all the time, so widespread was devotion to her. That God, the God of the Bible, had a wife? He/It sure did.
Even if one could show that the Elohim, the gods, created humankind in their image, as is written, it was not the first creation of those means, merely this earthly vehicle, this generation of body (or bodies, koshas), not a "first creation" at all. It may be those gods think they did create something out of nothing, or bodies out of dust, and that may be. They are/were very advanced extraterrestrials/extradimensionals. But the us we imagine existing now existed before. There was karma in the past, and those old deeds have more to do with what happens to us now, what we experience seemingly by chance or fate.
Ven. Dr. Suwanda H. J. Sugunasiri, Ph.D.
The Buddha told a creation myth, not of a "first creation" but of humanoid life on earth. That "Genesis" is called the Agganna Sutta, the Discourse on Beginnings. The tale is wrapped in the power of karma because the Buddha, rather than being Buddhist, was a Karmavadin, a "Teacher of the Efficacy of Karma" or action. (One monk even reads into this tale an allegory about energy, photonic light, and its impact on matter here; see Dhamma Aboard Evolution, putting Buddhism right in line with science. Buddhism should not be put in line with mere materialistic science because it is metaphysical. That is, it goes beyond materialism to explain things).
The Agganna Sutta perhaps does not actually qualify as a creation myth because it does not say, "There was nothing and then there was this." Rather, no first point is asserted, discerned, or claimed. The Buddha may have seen one, but he did not state that. What he did state was that this plane was in such a way, and beings alighted on it. They came as they were, having (pre)existed elsewhere, and they began to devolve here. Surely there is evolution in Buddhism, but it is cyclical, bound up with devolution.
Having eaten, it's time to start making art.
So as for the "second moment" of creation, after they arrived, this happened. Then this happened. And on account of this, things became like that. Things were dependently originated. The cause, ultimately, was karma (deeds). Things devolved. Later, they will evolve again. And after that, they will devolve. This goes on and on. It is as if there were a garden called Earth, a great and beautiful place. Who made it? Did anyone make it? Others might have, or it might have just been.
Being can terraform platforms and places, bring life and set it a'rolling. Things might even originate on their own when circumstances permit -- such as when stardust, full of amino acids, crashes on suitable ground for organic things to arise. Or space traveling beings may have set up countless worlds.
Whatever the case, those organic "beings" who come to be are not beginning out of nothing. They have been, and they will be again, cyclically. Thiis is samsara, the endless round of rebirth. It is not the same being being reborn, but it is not quite right to say it is another as that does violence to the language. Ultimately, they are not the same. But conventionally, one having given rise to the other, they may be said to be the same string, the same line, the reappearing of the former version.
Then, having arrived, having devolved, beings became humanoid earthlings, and in the second moment, they did stuff -- art, civilization, farming, survival...karma, giving us what we have now. What we do matters. It will give future earthlings what they will have.
Proto-India: Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)
Reality is strange, much different than what it seems. We are seeing a tiny fraction and attempting to form whole theories. It is like looking through a pinhole into a mostly dark room and spinning an entire narrative from that fragment of data. It is like looking through a glass darkly.
It would be far better to first purify the mind/heart, see things with the third eye (pineal gland), and understand things in context. And most of that context extends long before this slice of life and goes on long after. In this way, undertaking "science" with a cleansed instrument of understanding, we will not be misled by our six senses or jump to conclusions or favor certain answers. And when we see things as they really are, we can be set free. The delusion entraps one, whereas the Truth sets one free.
The Second Moment of Creation | Civilizations | Episode 1 | PBS
(PBS) PBS is an American public broadcast service. Aug. 2, 2024: Watch more of this series with PBS Passport. Examine the formative role of art and the creative imagination in the forging of humanity itself.
Images and artifacts found in South America, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia testify to the urge to develop civilizations. Liev Schreiber narrates. (Originally aired in 2018).
This program is made possible by viewers. Support local PBS station: pbs.org/donate. Subscribe to the PBS channel for more clips: pbs. Enjoy full episodes of favorite PBS shows anytime, anywhere with the free PBS App.
Civilizations: Survey the history of art from antiquity to the present on a global scale. Civilizations reveals the role art and creative imagination have played in forging humanity and introduces viewers to works of beauty, ingenuity, and illumination across cultures. Download. #ancienthistory #worldhistory #anthropology #CivilizationsPBS
Lost in Translation: The Bible's Genesis 1 is NOT about the creation of the universe
(James Tabor) May 23, 2024: Lost in Translation Series. The very first verse of the Jewish-Christian Bible (Genesis 1:1), which millions can quote from heart, is mistranslated in almost all major versions and all languages with very few exceptions.
The reasons are simple, marketing and commercialism. Who would buy a Bible translation that does not begin with "In the Beginning, God created the heavens and the earth"?
This short exposition shows how the original Hebrew [though according to classicist Dr. David Ammon Hillman, the original was in Ancient Greek and the Hebrew was translated down from that by idiomatic radiation, not the other way around] has a completely different meaning.
It is not a philosophical or scientific statement -- but rather a description of the ordering of the chaotic, empty, water covered, wind swept wasteland that was planet earth when the "Force of All Forces" (Elohim, always plural, always "gods," never a God) began to bring order out of the random chaos.
The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men gang aft agley
מהמלים בקשר את המלים ועל סמך המלים retired professor of religious studies/Christian origins at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte
RJ Garcia, AntsCanada, Jan. 14, 2024; Gary Larson, The Far Side (comics); Family Guy video still; Pfc. Sandoval, Dhr. Seven, and Kelly Ani (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly
The apocalypse came and went for a new beginning.
When creating a new ecosystem, add all of the elements or step out of the way and let Nature do it because, when upset, things can go very bad, but Mother Nature knows how to get back to yin-yang homeostasis (Gary Larson/The Far Side).
An Ant War broke out after introducing water beasts into giant rainforest vivarium
One ant's hell is another's heaven.
(AntsCanada) In a giant cloud rainforest vivarium, called "Pantdora," an unexpected revival of an ant war broke out.
The trouble came after adding a team of aquatic creatures to the pond, which upset the current ecosystem.
To fix one problem, another was unexpectedly created.
What were the "sky gods" thinking?
The Creator [the god of this world, Lord RJ Garcia] was shocked to discover the truth about relations between three existing ant colonies within the vivarium; he watched an intense showdown of ants take place.
It opened his eyes to the chilling realities of invasive vs. native animal wars that occur in all ecosystems as organism compete for limited albeit recyclable resources and space.
I don't know. Gas entered the environment then blew up.
For God so loved the world that He gassed it.
Enjoy Part 8 of this Ecosystem Vivarium Series [with added color, commentary, and cartoons from Gary Larson and Wisdom Quarterly]. RJ: "Ant love forever!"
This video was shot in 4K Ultra HD resolution.
Join the Great AC SENATE to get access to new perks/voting powers on this channel: @antscanada. Click to subscribe: goo.gl/tlCQJZ
Directed, written, DOP, and edited by AntsCanada. Executive Producer: RJ Garcia.
(Future Unity) April 2, 2023. Welcome to Future Unity that explores the fascinating world of science, technology, and the universe. From the inner workings of the human body to the outer reaches of space, it delves into the latest and most interesting discoveries shaping the world. Whether a science buff or just looking for mind-blowing facts, they're covered. Join as it uncovers the mysteries of the world around us and discover new frontiers in the fields of science and technology. Get ready for a journey that's both educational and entertaining.
Evidence concealed by mainstream media.
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(Quantum Gravity Research, which posts content regularly. This groundbreaking documentary from the team at Quantum Gravity Research is about the true nature of reality.
This is cutting-edge science that may one day change the way we view our reality forever.
BUDDHISM: The Three Basic Facts of Existence: I. Impermanence The fact of impermanence (anicca) means that reality is never static but only dynamic... It is
through this insight that the true nature of our reality -- the Five Aggregates (clung to as "Self") -- is grasped and seen...
See the theory of everything. Directed by David Jakubovic and produced by Mad Machine Films.
While we say there is "no explanation," that means it is not yet confirmed and accepted as scientifically-verified fact within our consensus reality. But there is an explanation, one that is very convincing.
Here, two experts (Cremo and Pye) pursuing separate lines of research come to the same conclusion many -- including the Buddha and the ancient seers of the Vedas -- reported: This world, the living beings on it, mainly but not exclusively the humans and animals, are much, much, much older than is reported in the stories archeologists and anthropologists try to tell us.
Even the Bible -- that bestseller of an imperial Roman psy-ops campaign -- is misleading because few Christians or Jews realize that it is based on much older tales and histories handed down from Sumer (Sumerian civilization, which itself did not originate them), Egypt, Mithraic mysteries of the Near East, Lumeria, and other epochs.
The Buddha spoke of aeons (various kinds of kalpas, ordinary, great, and of indeterminate duration).
The Vedas, which come from the Indus Valley Civilization that flourished 10,000 years ago, also speak of an inconceivable number of kalpas and periods measured out in astronomical numbers. Given scientific discoveries that claim this planet Bhumi or Earth is a little more than 4.2 billion years old, we would guess that humanoid earthling life has existed on it for about 3 billion years.
But that is just this planet this time around. Cycles of world-origination, world-dissolution, and indeterminate periods in between are constantly churning. What remains true is the ability of karma. The kalpas stretch much further back, an inconceivably long time. How long is difficult to fathom or specify exactly. But the Buddha was asked, and this is how he answered:
Imagine a stone mountain made of marble one mile high, one mile wide, one mile deep, without a fissure or crack, and a bird comes and lands on top of this single great mass of rock, this monolith, and wipes its beak using a fine silk cloth from Kasi (Varanasi) once every hundred years. Well, that great mass of rock, that monolith would sooner be worn down completely and yet one great-kalpa (major aeon) would still not have elapsed.
It staggers the imagination, but that is how it is with ancient Indian reckoning, and the same may be said of ancient Mayan, Khmer, and other advanced civilizations of the past with stunning knowledge of the stars, 26,000-year cycles, and patterns they could not have developed without off-planet assistance. The fact is, we have always had otherworldly intervention, help, and information to guide life on this planet and on other planets. The galaxy and universe is FULL of life much more advanced than our own.
Forbidden Archeology
(Truth Disclosure) The Hidden Truth About History and Human Origins with Michael Cremo (Frontier World) Lloyd Pye explains at the NEXUS Conference 2003, England.
.
The first person we can turn to is the Forbidden Archeologist Michael Cremo (mcremo.com) who explains life on Earth and the existence of "modern" man (Homo sapien sapien) hundreds of millions of years ago, as distinct from current accepted archeology from gatekeepers in the university who claim we are only 30,000 years old.
Cremo's numbers are based on artifacts that contradict and can in no way be accommodated using the theories being promoted by gatekeepers and others "approved" sources. One should understand that it is not that the powers that be in these fields do not know better. They do. But they have much to lose and little to gain by accepting what the data says. Their careers are more important that going against the grain of acceptability.
The other person is the late Lloyd Pye, who is in agreement with the great Zacharia Sitchin, a pioneering researcher and interpreter of ancient Sumerian, Hebrew, and other sacred texts. He is much more direct in accusing "respectable" scientists of wearing blinders and promoting the party line. Even though science is a series of corrections guided by the evidence -- wherever it takes us -- that is not the way science is actually handled. Instead, we have something that is full of implicit bias and a great deal of self-interest, the opposite of the dispassionate objectivity it claims for itself.
20,000,000 years of suppressed human history with Lloyd Pye (PART 2), (PART 3)
Author Lloyd A. Pye (1946-2013) claims a superior alien race called the Anunnaki (Sumerian "gods" who came from the sky from the planet Nibiru) incrementally terraformed and populated Earth for their own reasons.
They later returned to Earth and, through a process of genetic manipulation, produced humans [earthlings]. These ideas come from translating and interpreting ancient Sumerian texts (Anunnaki and Nibiru are names from Sumerian history). Pye argues that these alien beings are responsible for the megalithic structures around the world, the growth and advancement of Sumer, the domestication of plants and animals, and strange flaws in human DNA.
Realize that most of these ideas originate and were inspired by the claims of Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin.
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Pondering human origins and existence in a Zen garden in California (desktopc.com)
A portrait of Alan Watts (ianmack.com)
What is reality? "I came into this world," I say. "You didn't; you came out of it," insists British philosopher and Zen teacher Alan Watts. We bounce between a ceramic (that we created out of clay) and an automatic theory of the universe. So beginning with a Big Bang view, assuming that's how it happened, how we came to be, Watts follows that view to its logical conclusion. We are way out in space, way out in time, and now here we are: Who am I? I am the Bang, not something that came out of it. It is an entirely different and very Mahayana/Hindu way at looking at the question. Are we the primordial energy of the universe defining ourselves separately from it? "There are no such things as things, at least no such things as separate things. We are wiggly goo imagining a world of thorny lines. LISTEN NOW: AUDIO
Can science inspire the same level of passion as religion? I was once invited to give a live interview on a radio station in
Brasília, the capital of Brazil.
The interview took place at rush hour
in the city's very busy bus terminal, where poor workers come in from
rural areas to perform all sorts of jobs in town, from cleaning the
streets to working in factories and private homes.
The
experience would mark me for the rest of my life and set a new
professional goal that I had not anticipated early in my career: to
bring science to the largest number of people possible.
There are many ways in which science can address this question. We can see, from the devastating effects of Typhoon Haiyan, that the forces of nature are beyond our control, even if we pride ourselves on "taming" the world around us.
But
the focus of my book was on cataclysmic celestial events and how they
have inspired both religious narratives and scientific research, past
and present. In particular, note the many instances that stars and fire
and brimstone fall from the sky in the Bible, both in the Old (e.g.,
Book of Daniel, Sodom and Gomorrah) and the New Testament (e.g.,
Apocalypse of John), or how the Celts believed that the skies would fall
on their heads to mark the end of a time cycle.
God's handiwork? The devastating effects of Typhoon Haiyan (fastcompany.com)
A priest of the new religion
Back to the
interview, I mentioned how the collision with a six-mile-wide asteroid
that hit the Yucatan Peninsula of modern-day Mexico had [allegedly] triggered the
extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
I made a point of
explaining how that event changed the history of life on Earth, freeing
the small mammals of the time from predator pressure and culminating
with the evolution of humans. My point was that there is no need for
divine intervention to explain these very essential episodes in our
planetary and collective history.
It was then that the hand
went up. A small man with torn clothes and grease stains on his face
asked: "So the doctor wants to take even God away from us?"
I
froze. The despair in that man's voice was apparent. He felt betrayed.
His faith was the only thing he held on to, the only thing that gave him
strength to come back to that bus station every day to work for a
humiliatingly low minimum wage.
Jesus and Vishnu on a cloud ("Family Guy")
If I took God away and put in
its place the rational argumentation of science, with its empirical
validation, what would that even mean to this man? How would it help him
go on with his life? How could science teach him to cope with life in a
world without the magic of supernatural belief?
I realized
then how far scientists are from the needs of most people; how far
removed our discourse is from those who do not already seek science for
answers, as surely most of you reading this essay already do. And I
realized that, in order to reach a larger audience, to bring the wonders
of science to a much larger slice of the population, we must...More
GENEVA (Reuters) - Atheists and other religious skeptics
suffer persecution or discrimination in many parts of the world and in
at least seven nations can be executed if their beliefs become known,
according to a report issued on Monday.
The study, from the International Humanist and Ethical Union
(IHEU), showed that "unbelievers" in Islamic countries face the most
severe -- sometimes brutal -- treatment at the hands of the state and
adherents of the official religion.
But it also points to policies in some European countries and the United States which favor the religious and their organizations and treat atheists and humanists as outsiders.
The truths of Christianity may be true, but we cannot take things
literally as fundamentalists teach and promote acceptance by fear.
The report, "Freedom of Thought 2012," said "there are laws that deny atheists' right to exist, curtail their freedom of belief and expression, revoke their right to citizenship, restrict their right to marry."
Other laws "obstruct their access to public education, prohibit them from holding public office, prevent them from working for the state, criminalize their criticism of religion, and execute them for leaving the religion of their parents." More
Interview with Richard Dawkins and foolish Creationist questions
(Thetandd.com) With the shooting in Aurora, Colorado, inside a packed movie theater showing “The Dark Knight Rises,” questions are being raised as to whether there is any connection between the killings and the movie’s plot and the character of Batman -- in which a masked villain leads a murderous crew into a packed football stadium and wages an attack involving guns and explosives. More
Animation: Buddhist/Christian conversation
There are many types of Buddhists and there are many types of Christians. This is only a conversation between two individuals. (It's comedic).
What Makes You Not a Buddhist?
Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche
"Some people think that stringent rules and virtuous deeds are the essence of Buddhism, but these are only a small component of Buddha's skillful and abundant methods. He knew that not everyone is able to understand ultimate truths right from the start. It is difficult for many of us to process concepts such as 'hell is merely the perception of your own aggression,' let alone the concept of emptiness. Buddha doesn't want Jack to be caught in a personal 'hell,' but he can't tell Jack to work with his perceptions and aggression either because Jack is an idiot. So for Jack's sake, Buddha teaches that there is an external hell and that in order to avoid going there and being boiled in molten iron, Jack must stop entertaining his non-virtuous, negative actions and emotions. Such teachings pervade the Buddhist milieu; very often we see hell realms painted on the walls of Buddhist temples, complete with burning bodies and terrifying gorges of frigid water. These images can be taken literally or figuratively, depending on the capacity of the student. Those with superior faculties know that the source of everyday hell, our suffering, stems from our own perceptions. They know that there is no judgment day and there is no judge. Buddha's final aim is to make Jack understand, like these superior students, that there is no hell realm apart from his own aggression and ignorance. By temporarily minimizing his negative actions, Jack is diverted from becoming more entangled with his perceptions, misgivings, and paranoia." More
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