Saturday, February 6, 2010

An Enlightened Bhutanese Lama?


From the World Cup to the mythical mountain kingdom of Bhutan, "Words of My Perfect Teacher" follows three students on a quest they hope will lead to wisdom. The catch is their teacher, Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche. Football-obsessed, charismatic filmmaker, and citizen of the world, Khyentse may be one of the world's most eminent Buddhist teachers. But it's a job description he slyly rejects at every turn. "Words of My Perfect Teacher" is for those who wish they'd met Yoda or Merlin or long for the opportunity to engage with a teacher who defies convention.

Bhutanese filmmaker Khyentse Norbu is one of the most important incarnate lamas in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition today. Known more widely by his ecclesiastical title, His Eminence Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, he was recognized at the age of seven as the incarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892), a great religious reformer and saint who played a pivotal role in the revitalization and preservation of Buddhism in Tibet in the 19th century.

As the living heir to the Khyentse lineage, Khyentse Norbu exemplifies a non-sectarian spirit. His rigorous training in the Buddhist classical tradition mixed with a deep interest in film making makes him one of the most provocative interpreters of Tibetan Buddhism today. In keeping with his lineage, he has sought to bridge both old and new, East and West.

Authenticity in his breakthrough film "The Cup" was paramount. So he chose Chokling Monastery, situated in a Tibetan refugee settlement nestled in the Himalayan foothills, as the main location for the film. The cast was mainly drawn from members of the monastery. None had any acting experience whatsoever, and most did not understand English. As Khyentse Norbu's script was written in English, no scripts were passed out in advance of the day's shoot. All actors were briefed scene-to-scene. Dialogue was prompted and memorized on the spot, and most scenes were completed within three takes — a testament to the actors' monastic discipline and concentration.

Khyentse Norbu continues to serve as throne-holder of the Dzongsar Monastery in Derge, Eastern Tibet, and as spiritual director of two meditation centers, in East Bhutan and in Sikkim, and two Buddhist philosophy colleges in India and in East Bhutan. In recent years, with the increase of his teaching activities, Khyentse Norbu has set up several Buddhist centers around the world, including retreat centers in Canada and Australia and numerous practice communities in Southeast Asia and Europe. His second feature film is "Travellers & Magicians."

Friday, February 5, 2010

Spiral galaxies 6 billion years ago

Spiral galaxies were "ugly ducklings" 6 bn yrs ago: Astronomers
(Brahmand.com, Feb 05, 2010)
Image created from data provided by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey demonstrates that the Hubble sequence six billion years ago was very different from the one that astronomers see today (Hubble).

WASHINGTON (PTI) - The beautiful spiral galaxies of modern universe were ugly ducklings six billion years ago, European astronomers have claimed. Using data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the team led by Francois Hammer of the Observatoire de Paris has created a census of galaxy types and shapes from a time before the Earth and the sun existed, up to the present day. After sampling 116 local galaxies and 148 distant galaxies, they found that contrary to contemporary thought, more than half of the present-day spiral galaxies had peculiar shapes as recently as six billion years ago. More>>
  • It is interesting to note that Indian thought believes the "universe," or at least a single "world system" within what we in the West regard as a universe [multiverse], has a very particular shape. Jain cosmology describes it in literal terms that do not change.

Remarkable new Buddhist photography

"Guard Bhutan: A Divination"

OPINION in defense of Bhutan mirrored from Digital Tibetan Buddhist Altar
[White Christian missionaries converting Bhutanese locals in "underground" church. Exaggerated claims of local interest and attendance are made by Christian news outlets like Compass Direct News.]

"Muslims and Christians are not simply invaders and conquerors of the past, they are fixed in eternal postures of aggression which, today, translates as insidious and covert gestures of hidden expansionism and conquest, carried on through conversion and terrorism." -- Tanika Sarkar

(Tibetan Altar Blog) Bhutan is one of the few places left in the world where Buddhism has been permitted to thrive, unmolested, and indeed supported by the government. Nevertheless, at a time in history when overtly Buddhist nations may be counted on the fingers of one hand, this ancient refuge -- blessed and pacified by Padmasambhava himself -- is quite clearly in serious trouble.

As reported earlier ("Big Trouble in Bhutan," Oct. 2009), there have been devastating earthquakes, unusual weather anomalies, insidious acts by troublemakers, epidemic illness, and now, from Pemagatshel, comes word of a plague of grasshoppers.

Because I care very deeply for this place -- very deeply -- I decided to do a divination. In some ways, I wish that I had not, because what I saw is not going to make anybody happy.

It came to me that the cause of the misfortunes is the Western fundamentalist Christian missionaries who have been allowed to visit Bhutan and set up shop. These missionaries have caused a number of people to break samaya, and to forsake the Dharma. This breakage and outrageous abandonment of all sentient beings has caused the oath-bound protectors to rise up in anger. Numerous other things came to me, but this is the essential point.

So this is a message to the people of Bhutan from someone who honestly cares for your country: Strongly and relentlessly guard Bhutan against the influence of anything that undermines the vows you have taken, and your forefathers have taken. If you have to close the doors and close them tight, denying entry to those who slyly subvert your nation's spiritual security in order to line their own pockets with gold, then do so. You not only have a responsibility to yourselves, but you have a sacred obligation to Buddhists everywhere else in the world to keep Bhutan pure and free of obnoxious foreign influences.

Those religious leaders who propose otherwise on the grounds of interfaith tolerance have absolutely no idea of the damage that will follow any decision to permit barbarians [like bhutan4christ] to enter the gates. Those leaders have never had to live with oppression of Buddhism under Christianity. Let the samaya saboteurs scream "persecution" all they want and covertly employ their secret friends in the press to cause problems where none exist. You must identify them, interdict them, and isolate them before they do any more damage.

Article 3 of the constitution declares Buddhism as the spiritual heritage of Bhutan. If people want to engage in cult worship in their own homes, that is one thing, and they will individually earn karmic results accordingly. But in the process of serving individual freedom, please do not forget the duties under Article 7(4): “No person shall be compelled to belong to another faith by means of coercion or inducement.” Do not forget the duties under Article 7(22). Vigorously and strictly enforcing the provisions of the Religious Organizations Act of Bhutan is essential -- because failure to do so will earn collective karmic results.

This has come very clearly, very purely, and very directly, and although it will cause me many problems to openly say these things, I simply do not care. Source

Christians want to trouble Buddhist Bhutan




Bhutan’s Royalists fear Christianity will Create Tension
Anugrah Kumar (pro-Christian "Compass Direct News")

THIMPHU, Bhutan — Bars, pubs, and discos have become legal in Bhutan -- a cause of concern for the older generation. But construction of worship buildings other than Buddhist or Hindu temples is still prohibited. The prohibition remains in force even though Christians [who make up less than half of one percent of Bhutan's tiny total population] abide by Bhutan's codes of conduct, speaking the Dzongkha language as well as the Nepali language at church gatherings and wearing the national dress.
The National Assembly of Bhutan banned the practice of non-Buddhist and non-Hindu religions through edicts in 1969 and in 1979. But Christians do meet for Sunday worship [nevertheless].
  • Bhutan invited Christian teachers
    Bhutan, which promoted Buddhism and Hinduism and detered Christianity in the past, allegedly sought support from the mission of Bibles of the World to provide 500 teachers to teach English, maths, and science, according to Christian news group MNonline.org.
Why are Christians seen as a greater threat to the culture of the nation than the "democracy disco culture," as one government official described the emerging subculture among the Bhutanese youth? It is believed that Christianity will create religious tensions in the country. More>>


"Prayer File" on Bhutan: Bhutan is the only country in the world to have adopted Mahayana Buddhism in its Tantric form as its official religion. The word "Tantrism" comes from Tantras, the name of a body of esoteric Indian texts divided into four groups: tantras of action, behavior, yoga, and tantras without any superiors. Tantric Buddhism came to Bhutan in the 8th century. Today Bhutan's population of about 600,000 is over 70% Buddhist. Hindus constitute 24%. Protestant Christians make up only 0.3%. Christian worship in public and evangelism are prohibited.

Stocks Tumble Around the World


World stocks tumble amid global recovery doubts
World stocks tumbled again Friday as ballooning European debt and a rise in U.S. unemployment claims added to fears the global economy could slip back into recession. World stocks hit by fears of debt crisis contagion: LONDON – Investors worried that the debt crisis enveloping Greece may spread to other vulnerable countries in Europe such as Portugal, and amid fears that jobs data later will show that the U.S. recovery is weaker than expected.

Currency trader works in front of screens showing the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) and foreign currency rate, right, at the Korea Exchange Bank headquarters in Seoul, South Korea, Feb. 5, 2010. The KOSPI fell 49.30 points, or 3.05 percent, to close at 1,567.12 Friday (AP/Ahn Young-joon).

Thursday, February 4, 2010

Catholics to give George Bush an award


(KPCC) — Former President George W. Bush is scheduled to receive an award honoring his pro-life beliefs from a Roman Catholic organization today. Organizers of the Legatus organization's annual summit at the St. Regis Monarch Beach hotel have declined to publicly comment on the plans to present an award to Bush for his opposition to abortion and embryonic stem cell research. The Orange County Register first reported the organization's plans for Friday's luncheon. Legatus is a Catholic organization that seeks to bring business leaders and their spouses together through their faith. More>>

DNA Awakening

The War in Space (UFOs in the Heavens)



Doubters may deny it but no one can ignore it. This world is now constantly being visited by UFOs and extraterrestrial beings. Government cover ups are a fact. Misinformation is the intelligence community's way of proceeding while many citizens remain oblivious to what is obvious. People have been taking action, banding together, and demanding their governments tell the truth. Disclosure has been the result in England, USSR, and New Zealand. Alien influences live among humans, friendly and otherwise. Many are quite good, benevolent beings who help. Others are cruel and have caused the human community harm. Governments know this, but what have they been doing?

Law of Atraction "Guru" Charged in Deaths

How the hopes and expectations of Spiritual Materialism are shaping many lives: J.A. Ray wishes he were dreaming now so he could awaken from this nightmare.

"Spiritual Warrior" Charged with 3 Counts of Manslaughter
Roger Butow (Salem-News.com's "Odd Man Out")

LAGUNA BEACH, California - "Jesus was [allegedly] saying to those Jews who had believed Him, 'If you continue in My word, then you are truly disciples of Mine; and you will know the truth, and the truth will make you free'" (John 8:31-32).

Many Americans are shaking their heads and “Tsk-tsking” about the avoidable deaths of three people who attended self-help guru James A. Ray’s retreat in Sedona, Arizona last October. Who knows where the grand jury manslaughter indictment of Mr. Ray will lead. But one thing is for sure: He’s got enough in the bank to fend off the accusations, funds provided by his incensed supportive entourage. And the "if it bleeds it leads, film at 11" media will go into a feeding frenzy mode.

James Arthur Ray speaks about "the secret" to achieving financial and spiritual wealth.

With about 50 people total in that makeshift sweat lodge, another 18 were treated for burns, dehydration, respiratory arrest, or kidney failure, look for them to seek their own trials and punitive damages. This will become a veritable cottage industry for Gloria Allred and other celebrity ambulance chasers that will also become rich off the publicity and legal fees. Look for phony populist Nancy Grace to cry, dab her make-up with her hanky, and milk it dry on her show. More>>

Love of God Drives Austere Existence for Monks
To conquer lust, Saint Benedict threw himself into a briar patch, naked. At least, that's the story. This monkish mentality of extreme self-denial is pretty far from most college students' lines of thought. But we at Geneseo have a monastery five miles away -- the Abbey of the Genesee. Is it more than just robes and briar patches? One of the monks, Brother Anthony Weber, was happy to tell all.

Southeast Asia: Anti-malaria tolerance

WHO warns of tolerance to anti-malaria drug
Increased drug resistance could undermine malaria control efforts (Swiss Radio).

RANGOON, Burma (IRIN) - Tolerance to artemisinin, the most effective anti-malarial drug available, is emerging in Myanmar and could pose a major challenge to regional malaria control, says the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO, researchers, and health officials are already trying to contain the spread of resistant strains of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite along the Thai-Cambodian border. The parasite causes the most deadly form of malaria.

Preliminary studies in 2008-09 by the Mekong countries of Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam, show tolerance elsewhere, with the drug proving less effective and taking longer than it did previously to control the parasite. The studies, presented late last year at a WHO regional workshop of health officials, show tolerance may have extended to areas along the Burma-Thailand, Burma-China, and Cambodia-Vietnam borders. More>>

Alicia Silverstone: Embracing "Kind" Diet

Savoring the Vegan Life with Alicia Silverstone
Allan Richter (EnergyTimes.com, Jan. 2010)

Embracing a plant-based “kind” diet, this activist star of stage and screen is energized and at her happiest.

When Alicia Silverstone sought a role in an Aerosmith video 17 years ago, director Marty Callner was so taken with the 16-year-old budding star’s presence and freshness he dispensed with an audition and cast her in not one but three of the band’s videos. That work brought her to the attention of other filmmakers. Silverstone soon landed her breakthrough role as the superficial but likeable Cher Horowitz in 1995’s “Clueless.”

Callner’s most striking reflections of Silverstone are more personal than her film work. “I might have helped her career,” the director says, “but she saved my life. When you talk to me about Alicia, you’ll get nothing but rose petals.”

Those accolades have a lot to do with Callner’s switch to a vegan diet, prompted by Silverstone and now more than 11 years strong. The transformation was so meaningful that Callner recalls the exact date — May 6 — it began. On that day, Silverstone took her friend to a local restaurant for an all-vegan meal. She also gave Callner Food for Life (Three Rivers Press) by Neal Barnard, MD, about the value of a diet rich in grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits.

Callner says Silverstone’s tender guidance motivated him. “She opened the door by example,” he says. “She was never forceful or condescending. It was so pure and beautiful it was almost impossible not to be intoxicated by it. She very cleverly opened my eyes in a way that worked for me....” Read the interview>>

The Kind Diet (Alicia Silverstone)

Religion and Science: Is that all there is?


(Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

We’re all going to die. But what happens after death? The question has perplexed scientists, philosophers, and people of faith since time immemorial. In recent years, atheists have used reason to “prove” that life after death is merely a naïve notion. Now, bestselling author Dinesh D’Souza [Life After Death: The Evidence (Regnery)] argues that it’s not only logical but likely. Professional skeptic Michael Shermer (Executive Director of the Skeptics Society; monthly columnist for Scientific American) remains unconvinced. Larry Mantle hosts a debate between the two, while they’re still verifiably alive.

How Christian is America, really?
Hinduism and Buddhism are the religions of half the world.
The Case for God
Ms. Armstrong (author of The History of God and The Case for God). Was there a concerted attempt in the early centuries of Christianity to eliminate direct references to Eastern influences (i.e., Hinduism and Buddhism)? The life and teachings of Jesus are so clearly similar to the Buddha and Hindu avatars. (Karmic references like "As ye sow, so shall ye reap" and "Do unto others..." abound, yet there's no formal mention). There are theories that Jesus might have visited India and Kashmir during the "missing years" and assimilated Buddhist teachings. There's also a view that Jesus did not actually die on the cross but survived and traveled East with his mother and the apostle Thomas living his final years in that region [Kashmir, India]? After all, there is the tomb of Issus [Saint Issa] in Srinagar, India and a tomb of Mother Mary in Mari, Pakistan. -- Jim Maechling
The Evolution of God
Religions such as Buddhism, Muslim, or Judaism, all point to the truth, but Christianity, namely the teachings of Jesus, state...

SoCal public radio host Larry Mantle
"Larry, I find you too good an articulator of the 'conservative' points of view and less specific and articulate on the liberal points. I always detect in your questioning (either as overcom-pensation or a bit of your own position bleeding out) or statements a very conservative and espousing of those beliefs (limited government, distrust of government). You are in a market that is predominately (and your contributor base, such as myself) liberal-center to liberal. I think you ought to give us a greater representation on the show." -- Dileep Rao

Bigfoot Exhibit: Legend, Hoax, Reality?

[In Buddhist lore, there is an entire class of creatures designated as yakkhas, variously translated as ogres or "demons." They are more than abominable snowmen in the Himalayas, Yetis, in that they possess superhuman abilities.]

The legend of Sasquatch is told through American tribal legends, modern-day hoaxes, and physical evidence that may point to the existence of the mythical creature, on display through June, 2010 (Photo courtesy of Washington State History Museum).

The legend of Sasquatch has sparked the interest of humans for centuries. In the Pacific Northwest, Sasquatch is a word derived from the Salish word sesqec, meaning “Wild Man.” In other parts of the world, the mysterious creature is called anything from Bigfoot to Yeti, or simply Ape Man.

Legends of large, hairy, ape-like creatures date back thousands of years, specifically among Pacific Northwest tribes. Stone carvings resembling ape-like heads perplex scientists as to why Northwest people in the ancient era would create something that mimicked the anatomy of the jugle-dwelling ape.

Mysterious prints of large, human-like feet have been cast, and images of large, furry, bi-pedal animals have been printed, all tying into the ongoing debate on whether or not the creature exists.

“Giants in the Mountains: The Search for Sasquatch,” the newest exhibit at the Washington State History Museum, takes visitors through the many aspects of the local tribal legends, the physical evidence, countless hoaxes and Sasquatch’s prevalence in current Northwest pop culture.

The exhibit does not prove or disprove the existence of Bigfoot, however much of the physical artifacts, such as the stone head carvings, foot casts and twisted tree branches, are intriguing and could be easy for the Sasquatch enthusiast to view as undisputable evidence. More>>

Mind Control: Cat and Mouse example

Wisdom Quarterly ANALYSIS

This event, captured by student photographer Casey Gutteridge, gives a new meaning to cat and mouse games. Or does it? The behavior captured at the Santago Rare Leopard Project in Hertfordshire, England is even more bizarre than it appears. It is mind control by parasites. Gutteridge, who was photographing the leopard for a course project when the mouse appeared, said:

"I have no idea where the mouse came from. He just appeared in the enclosure after the keeper had dropped in the meat for the leopard. He didn't take any notice of the leopard, just went straight over to the meat and started feeding himself. But the leopard was pretty surprised. She bent down and sniffed the mouse and flinched a bit like she was scared. In the meantime the mouse just carried on eating like nothing had happened...but even a gentle shove does not deter the little creature from getting his fill... It was amazing. Even the keeper who had thrown the meat into the enclosure was shocked. He said he'd never seen anything like it before."


Project owner Jackie James added: "It was so funny to see. Sheena batted the mouse a couple of times to try to get it away from her food. But the determined little thing took no notice and just carried on."

Sheena was brought in to the Santago Rare Leopard Project from a UK zoo when she was just four months old. She is one of 14 big cats in the private collection started by Jackie's late husband Peter in 1989. The African Leopard can be found in the continent's forests, grasslands, savannas, and rainforests.

The mouse continued to eat the leopard's lunch and show the leopard who was the boss. But what is driving this behavior? It is neither bravery nor foolishness. It's actually much stranger than that: There exists a cat parasite whose life-cycle includes the brains of mice. The only way for it to complete its life-cycle in a cat's intestines is to alter fear in mice so that they will venture out and be eaten. Stranger still is that this brain parasite can affect humans.

Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Pagan Conference Explores Sustainability



(Karen Tate) Graduate University hosted the sixth annual conference on Current Pagan Studies on Jan. 30-31. Scholars and practitioners gathered to discuss the topic of sustainability. More>>

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

Starving in America




CHARITABLE FOOD DISTRIBUTION INCREASES
Nearly 1,000,000 L.A. residents received food assistance from food pantries, soup kitchens, and shelters during 2009.

LOS ANGELES (Feb. 2, 2010) - A new study published by the LA Regional Foodbank today reports that a record 983,400 Los Angeles County residents received food assistance from food pantries, soup kitchens, and shelters served by the Foodbank in 2009.

This total represents nearly 1 in 10 residents. Children comprise 40 percent of people receiving food assistance; seniors comprise 5 percent. An estimated 393,000 kids and 49,000 seniors benefited from food distributed by the Foodbank over the course of the year.

The study "Hunger in Los Angeles County 2010" was released today in conjunction with survey results collected by food banks throughout the U.S. and compiled at the national level by Feeding America. The national and local results provide the most comprehensive snapshot of the charitable food assistance network to date.

Listen: A Breadline Might be an Upgrade

Comparing the results of this survey to a similar survey conducted four years ago, Foodbank President Michael Flood stated that, “Even though food pantries and other agencies are serving more people than ever. These agencies are also reporting the need for more food and other resources to meet the growing demand due primarily to the high unemployment rate.”

An estimated 584,300 LA residents are unemployed. The current 12 percent unemployment rate has more than in four years. The new study -- based on 451 face-to-face interviews with clients at food pantries, soup kitchens, and shelters -- as well as 363 surveys of volunteers and staff who manage food programs, shows that in Los Angeles County:

  • The total number of people receiving food assistance has increased by 46 percent since 2005 (from 674,100 people annually to 983,400 people in 2009).
  • The number of children receiving food assistance has more than doubled from 185,000 in 2005 to 393,000 children in 2009.
  • Health problems are one indicator of need as 30 percent of households have at least one member in poor health. In addition, 35 percent of adult recipients do not have health insurance.
  • While 37 percent of households include at least one employed adult, two-thirds of these adults are working part-time while only one-third of the adults are working full-time.
  • For adults currently working or who have worked before, 20 percent have held managerial or professional jobs during their career.
  • More than one-quarter of adults (27%) have a college or technical school education although 44% of clients do not have a high school diploma;
  • Families and individuals face difficult economic decisions when attempting to meet their basic needs as 48 percent report having to choose between paying for food and paying for utilities, 46 percent choosing between food and rent, and 42 percent between food and transportation. View the full study.

The Los Angeles Regional Foodbank is a non-profit, charitable organization established in 1973 and is one of the largest food banks in the United States. Through a network of 544 charitable agencies providing service from 902 agency sites, the Foodbank supplies enough food for 750,000 meals each week throughout Los Angeles County. The Foodbank is a partner with Feeding America.

China opposes Obama meeting Dalai Lama

Tibet's government in exile dismissed a strongly worded warning from China against any possible meeting between the Dalai Lama and US President Obama.

BEIJING (AP) – China warned President Barack Obama on Tuesday not to meet the Dalai Lama, saying any such meeting would harm bilateral relations. [This comes on the heels of U.S. arms deals with Taiwan, another breakaway region from central Chinese control. The deals have strained Sino-American relations. The following graphic illustrates previous meetings between the Dalai Lama and international heads of states (AFP).]

Graphic on previous meetings between the Dalai Lama and international heads of states. Tibet's government in exile Tuesday dismissed a strongly worded warning from China against any possible meeting between the Dalai Lama and US President Barack Obama.(AFP/Graphic)
An Obama meeting with the Dalai Lama would "seriously undermine the political foundation of Sino-U.S. relations," said Zhu Weiqun, executive deputy head of the Communist Party's United Front Work Department in charge of recent talks with the exiled Tibetan leader's envoys.

Zhu was speaking at a news conference where he said no progress had been made at the talks with envoys of the Dalai Lama on changes to the Himalayan region's status.

The warning to Obama comes after signals from U.S. officials in recent weeks that Obama might soon meet the exiled Tibetan leader — something Chinese officials are keen to avoid before President Hu Jintao travels to Washington, possibly in April.

Zhu said any arguments that the Dalai Lama was just a religious figure were wrong, calling the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize laureate the "head of a separatist group."

No date for Obama's meeting with the Dalai Lama has been announced, but White House spokesman Mike Hammer said last month that "the President has made clear to the Chinese government that we intend to meet with the Dalai Lama, it has been his every intention." More>>

Monday, February 1, 2010

Arya: Spiritual Warriors


The Noble Ones
Wisdom Quarterly Wikipedia edit

The core teachings of the Buddha are the Four Noble Truths. While this is how they are commonly referred to, a better translation of Catu Ariya Sacca might be the Four Ennobling Truths. For penetration of their profound message elevates one above ordinary being to a liberated, enlightened state.

The word ārya (Pāli, ariya) means "noble" or "exalted." It is very frequently used in Buddhist texts to designate a spiritual warrior or hero/heroine. Use of this term in this sense is much more frequent than in Hindu or Jain texts. The Buddha's Doctrine (Dharma) and Discipline (Vinaya) are the ariyassa dhamma-vinayo (Teaching and Conduct dear to the Noble Ones).

The Four Noble Truths are called the cattāri ariyasaccāni (Pali) or catvāry āryasatyāni (Sanskrit). The Noble Eightfold Path is called the Noble Path or Path to Nobility (āryamārga, ariyamagga). The Sanskrit breaks down as ārya Noble, āṣṭāṅgika Eightfold, mārga Path.

Buddhists who have overcome Samsara and suffering -- that is, who have become enlightened -- are called ariyapuggalas (Noble Persons). Buddhist monastics who have done so are referred to as the Ariya Sangha, part of the Three Jewels (Ti-ratana) Buddhists go to for guidance. In Buddhist texts, āryas are those vīrtuous individuals who follow the Buddhist path. Conversely, those who despise the Dharma are often called "anāryas."

Those who spiritually attain to at least "stream entry," the first stage of enlightenment, are the true ariayas or arya-puggala. In Chinese Buddhist texts, ārya is translated as ("holy" or "sacred," pinyin shèng, on'yomi sei). The spiritual character of the term can also be seen in the Mahāvibhasa and in the Yogācārabhūmi.

The Mahavibhasa states that only the Noble Ones (āryas) realize all four of the Four Noble Truths and that only this noble wisdom leads to complete liberation. The same text describes the āryas as the ones who "have understood and realized [the truth of] suffering, (impermanence, emptiness, and no-self)" and who "understand things as they [truly] are."

In the Yogacarabhumi (Taishō 1579, Vol. XX, 364b 10-15), āryas are described as being free from misconceptions (viparyāsas). Buddhist texts illustrate that the Ennobling Doctrine (ārya dharma) was taught to everyone -- āryas, Dasyus, Devas, Gandharvas, and Asuras.

The Bhaiṣajyavastu (from the Mūlasarvāstivādavinaya) recounts a story of the Buddha teaching the Dharma to the Four Great Sky Kings (Catvāraḥ Mahārājāḥ), corresponding to the four cardinal directions. In this story, the guardians of the East (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) and the South (Virūḍhaka) are āryajatiya (āryas) who speak Sanskrit, while the guardians of the West (Virūpākṣa) and the North (Vaiśravaṇa) are dasyujatiya (Dasyus) who speak Dasyu languages.

In order to teach them the Dharma, the Buddha has to deliver a discourse in Aryan and Dasyu languages. He teaches āryas and Dasyus alike. The Karaṇḍavyūha (a Mahāyāna sūtra) describes how Avalokiteśvara (the "holy" lord and bodhisattva of Heart Sutra fame) taught the ārya Dharma to Asuras, Yakṣas, and Rakṣasas.

To this day, in many parts of the south India, if someone new is to be addressed respectfully, the prefix "Ayya" (derived from Ārya) is used. Aryans are thought to have migrated from northern India to the Dravidian south, where they influenced the culture, traditions, languages, and were called Ayya.

When Goenka Goes Hardcore (meditation)

Dhr. Seven, Wisdom Quarterly ANALYSIS


Goenka, which is named after the person who popularized it, is a style of Vipassana (insight) meditation for lay practitioners. This approach to Buddhist meditation became famous for transformative, free, no-nonsense 10-day retreats. While this is what Goenka is known for, it in fact goes much deeper: There are longer and more intense programs.

Goenka sets aside the Buddha's style of gradual instruction -- which moves from virtue, to calm, to progressive stages of intensified concentration and stillness, to heart/mind purification, to insight practice -- applying a jhana-purified mind to 14 exercises in what is arguably his Buddha's most famous discourse. This sutra, the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (satipatthana), directs practitioners to a careful analysis of reality that results in liberating insight.

Goenka, which is based on the teachings of U Ba Khin (a Burmese lay teacher), is a "dry insight" mode of practice. It is dry because it is aimed at nothing but an analysis of reality without the crucial support of a jhana-purified mind. Instead, intense or right-concentration (defined by the Buddha as the first four jhanas or "absorptions") is co-developed alongside the insight exercises. It is very difficult, but if done correctly there is some-times "momentary" or access-concentration that serves as an unreliable makeshift support for insight-practice.

No one likes to say this, but it is not real Vipassana until one is directly seeing and analyzing at the level of rupa-kalapas (elements of materiality), which are impossible to see or discern without concentration to the degree of absorption. This is according to Goenka and U Ba Khin's own tradition based on Buddhism's oldest, unbroken meditation lineage. Nevertheless, people insist less concentration is necessary for insight.

While most people get something out of meditation in any case, few can be expected to experience actual vipassana. Therefore, one does not hear of anyone becoming enlightened at a Goenka retreat. But spiritual and emotional transformations are common. And the understanding gained at even a 10-day retreat brings people back.

It should be noted that there are Buddhist meditation traditions today that do produce enlightened individuals. Attainment is so rare that people have come to assume it's impossible nowadays. And thinking it impossible to achieve today, people don't even try. They scoff at the idea. Wisdom Quarterly would scoff as well -- if we had not met such noble individuals and become convinced of the authenticity of their attainments in concentration and insight.

What then is the use of regarding Goenka as authentic Buddhist meditation? It is authentic in the sense that its teachers did not invent the arduous "dry insight" method. It was developed out of the commentaries based on exceptions in the texts. Buddhism is a gradual teaching.

But some practitioners, drawn to the practice by some historical affinity, move along the Path much more quickly. What are the characteristics of those individuals, rare even in the Buddha's time?

  1. They are naturally inclined to virtue.
  2. They are averse to immorality.
  3. They are intuitive (artistic) rather than intellectual.
  4. They are happy or content by "default" (which puts most of us out of the running).
  5. They are easygoing or what one might call childlike (we're definitely out).
  6. They are easily induced into states of calm (slightly autistic, hypnotic, suggestible, spacey, personable but easily withdrawn into themselves). (There may be hope for us yet).
  7. They are fearful and prone to worry, as well as loving, innocent, vulnerable, and kind.
  8. They are nonjudgmental, liberal, and open minded.
  9. They are giving and charitable by nature (one meaning of liberal).
  10. They are honest to a fault.
  11. They are (it is said) accustomed to practicing Dharma from previous experience.

[If this describes you or someone interested in attaining enlightenment in this very life, contact Wisdom Quarterly: American Buddhist Journal directly for help.]

All Goenka courses are run solely on a donation basis. All expenses are met by donations from those who, having completed a course and experienced the benefits of Vipassana, wish to give others the same opportunity. Neither the teacher nor the assistant teachers receive monetary compensation. They volunteer their time at courses. Vipassana is thus offered free from commercialization. While famous for this worldwide network of 10-day courses, there are other more intense retreats available.

10-day Courses are open to everyone who applies and wishes to commit to this style of meditation practice for the duration of the retreat. Successful completion involves following course rules of conduct (sila), sitting through taped lectures, and meeting with assistant teachers.

Special 10-day Courses are open only to serious Old Students committed to this technique who have completed a minimum of five 10-day courses, one Satipatthana Sutra course, given Dharma Service at least one 10-day course, and have been practicing regularly for at least two years.

Bilingual Courses are courses which are taught in two languages. All students will hear daily meditation instructions in both languages. The evening discourses will be heard separately.

Old Student Short Courses (1-3 days) are for any student who has completed the 10-day course. All Old Students are welcome to apply to attend these courses, including those where it has been some time since their last course. "Old students" are those who have completed a 10-day Vipassana Meditation course with S.N. Goenka [usually by video] or his assistant teachers. Old Students have the opportunity to provide Dharma Service at such courses.

Satipatthana Sutra Courses [Four Foundations of Mindfulness] have the same timetable and discipline as the 10-day course. The difference is that in the taped evening discourses, the Four Foundations of Mindfulness sutra is carefully examined. This is the principal text in which systematically explains the technique of Vipassana. These courses are open to serious Old Students who have completed at least three 10-day courses, have not been practicing any other meditation techniques since their last 10-day course, have been practicing this Vipassana technique for at least one year, and who are trying to maintain the Five Precepts in their daily lives.

20-day Courses are open only to serious Old Students committed to this technique who have completed a minimum of five 10-day courses, one Satipatthana Sutra course, given Dharma Service at at least one 10-day course, and have been practicing regularly for at least two years. Applications must be submitted well in advance.

30-day Courses are open only to serious Old Students committed to this technique who have completed a minimum of six 10-day courses (one since 20-day course), one 20-day course, one Satipatthana Sutra course, and have been practicing regularly for at least two years.

45-day Courses are open only to persons involved in Dharma Service and assistant teachers who have completed a minimum of seven 10-day courses (one since 30-day course), two 30-day courses, one Satipatthana Sutra course, and have been practicing regularly for at least three years.

60-day Courses are open only to persons involved in Dharma Service and assistant teachers who have completed at least two 45-day courses, practicing this technique for at least five years, maintenance of daily practice (two hours per day) for at least two years, abstaining from killing, sexual misconduct, intoxicants, and keeping other precepts to the best of one's ability for a minimum of one year with least a six month gap since last sat a long course; 10 day interval between long course and any other course; course restricted to assistant teachers and those deeply involved with Dharma Service.